How School Closures Affected the Teaching and Learning of English During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Shirley S. Mukhari, Debbie A. Sanders

Abstract


The forced closure of South African schools left learners with many challenges, especially in language learning. This study aims to explore the perceptions of teachers teaching the same subject to the same grade during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose is to analyse learning losses and changes in the scholastic achievement of primary school learners during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research design was chosen for this study because of its exploratory nature. Semi-structured open-ended interviews rendered data on the teachers’ perceptions of academic losses as a result of the “COVID-19” pandemic. Homogenous purposeful sampling and semi-structured open-ended interviews were used to gather data, which were coded using the induction method to reveal codes, categories and subcategories within participant voices. This study reports on the challenges faced by teachers and learners, which include a lack of parental support, inadequate technological knowledge, and neglect of schoolwork. The findings and their relevance to teaching post-COVID-19 to mitigate academic losses are discussed. The conclusion is that different forms of support are needed to mitigate the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on learners’ scholastic performance.

Keywords


COVID-19, Academic Skills, Learning Losses, Teaching And Learning of English, School Closures

Full Text:

PDF

References


Allington, R.L., McGill-Franzen, A., Camilli, G., Williams, L., Graff, J., Zeig. J., Zmach, C., & Nowak, R. (2010). Addressing summer reading setback among economically disadvantaged elementary students. Reading Psychology, 31(5), 411–427.

Ardington, C., Wills, G., & Kotze, J. (2021). COVID-19 learning losses: Early grade reading in South Africa. International Journal of Educational Development, 86(102480), 1–11.

Avanesian, G., Mizunoya, S., & Amaro, D. (2021). How many students could continue learning during COVID-19-caused school closures? Introducing a new reachability indicator for measuring equity of remote learning. International Journal Educational Development, 84(102421), 1–8.

Azevedo, J. P. (2020). Learning Poverty: Measures and Simulations. [Online] Available https://openknowledge. worldbank.org/handle/10986/34654 (10 October 2022).

Charney, S., Camarata, M., & Chern, S. (2021). Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Communication and Language Skills. ChildrenOtolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 165(1), 1–2.

Cooper, H., Nye, B., Charlton, K., Lindsay, J., & Greathouse, S. (1996). The effects of summer vacation on achievement test scores: a narrative and meta-analytic review. Review of Educational Resources, 66(3), 227–268.

Daniel, B.L. (2019). What constitutes a good qualitative research study? Fundamental dimensions and indications of rigour in qualitative research. The TACT framework. Abstracts of papers presented at the 18th European Conference on Research Methodology for Business and Management Studies ECRM 2019. 20–21 June 2019.

Dorne, E., Hancock, B., Sarakatsannis, J., & Viruleg, E. (2020). COVID-19 and learning loss – disparities grow and learners need help. McKinsey Company Publication.

Duncan-Williams, K. (2020). South Africa’s digital divide is detrimental to the youth. Mail & Guardian. Viewed 13 September 2020 at https://mg.co.za/article/2020-04-19-south-Africas-digital-divide-detrimental-to-the-youth/.

Engzell, P., Frey, A., & Verhagen, M.D. (2021). Learning loss due to school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), 1–7.

Gupta, S., & Kaur, M. (2020). The impacts of COVID-19 on children. Acta Paediatrica. 109, 218–2183.

Gustafsson, M., & Nuga, C. (2020). How is the COVID-19 pandemic affecting educational Africa? International Journal of Educational Development, 86(21), 1–10.

Hanushek, E.A., & Woessmann, L. (2020). The Economic Impacts of Learning Losses. OECD Education Working Papers, 225, 1–24.

Hashemi, A., Akramy, S.A., Orfan, S.N., & Noori, A.Q. (2021). Afghan EFL students’ perceptions of critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Language in India, 21(8), 121–131.

Hossain, M. (2021). Unequal experience of COVID-induced remote schooling in four developing countries. International Journal of Educational Development, 85(102446), 1–10.

Kaffenberger, M. (2021). Modelling the long-run learning impact of the COVID-19 learning shock: Actions to (more than) mitigate loss. International Journal of Educational Development, 81(102326), 1-8.

Masonbrink, A. R., & Hurley, E. (2020). Advocating for Children During the COVID-19 School Closures. Paediatrics, 146(3), 1–11.

McIntosh, M.J., & Morse, J.M. (2015). Situating and Constructing Diversity in Semi-Structured Interviews. Global Qualitative Nursing Research, 2, 1–12.

Mezirow, J. (1997). Transformative learning: theory to practice. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 74, 5–12.

Moscoviz, L., & Evans, D.K. (2022). Learning Loss and Student Dropouts during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of the Evidence Two Years after Schools Shut Down. CGD Working Paper 609. Washington DC: Center for Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/publication/.

Noori, A.Q. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ learning in higher education in Afghanistan. Heliyon, 7, 1–9.

Onyema, E.M. (2020). Impact of Coronavirus Pandemic on Education. Journal of Education and Practice, 11(13), 108–121.

Ospina, S. (2004). Qualitative Research. In G.R. Goethals, G.J. Sorenson & J. MacGregor (Eds.), Encyclopedia of leadership, (pp. 1279-1284). Sage.

Puspita, H.D. (2021). The role of parents in educating children during online classes. Journal of Educational Research, 1(2), 69–75.

Shank, G. (2002). Qualitative Research. A Personal Skills Approach. Merril Prentice Hall.

Soudien, C., Reddy, R., & Harvey, J. (2021). The impact of COVID-19 on a fragile education system: The case of South Africa. In F. N Reimers (Eds.), Primary and secondary education during COVID-19, (pp. 303-325) Springer.

Spaull, N., & Van der Berg, S. (2020). Counting the cost: COVID-19 school closures in South Africa and its impact on children. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 10(1), 1–13.

Statistics South Africa (StatsSA). (2019). Victims of crime survey 2018/19. Pretoria: StatsSA.

Reddy, V., Soudien, C., & Winnaar, L. (2020). Disrupted learning during COVID-19: the impact of school closures on education outcomes in South Africa. HSRC Review, 18(3), 10–12.

Reimers, F.N. (2021). Primary and secondary education during COVID-19. Springer.

UNESCO, (2020). Education: from Disruption to Recovery. [Online] Available https://en.unesco.org/covid1 9/educationresponse (10 October 2022).

UNESCO, (2021). One Year Into COVID-19 Education Disruption: Where Do We Stand? [Online]. Available https://en.unesco.org/news/one-year-COVID-19-education-disruption-where-do-we -stand. United Nations (10 October).

Viola, T.W., & Nunes, M.L. (2022). Social and environmental effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children. Jornal de Pediatria, 98(S1), 4–12.

Warner, C. K., Bell, C. V., & Odom, C. L. (2018). Defining technology for learning: cognitive and physical tools of inquiry. Middle Grades Review, 4(1), 1-9.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.11n.1p.112

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies  

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.