Wintering in the Beginning of Cold Season: Ecofeminist Deconstruction of Nature in West and East in Farrokhzad’s “Let us Believe in the Oncoming of Cold Season”

Bahar Mehrabi, Nasser Najafi

Abstract


Ecofeminists seek the reversal of the oppressing binary oppositions of nature/culture, woman/man as to reach a balanced ecosystem in which women are not considered inferior since they are associated with nature .Therefore, ecofeminism could be regarded as a suitable framework for the discussion of the literary works and their treatment of woman/nature theme. The present article would be an attempt to demonstrate the way  Farrokhzad’s “Let us Believe in the Oncoming of Cold Season” and Plath’s “Wintering”, concern such association and deconstruct the binary oppositions in a way that similarly both women personas are ultimately able to take the role of female artist. Both women transgress the winter and hope for the spring to come, while the winter they pass through differs since it originates from different social backgrounds. As such, new historicism would be applied to discover this difference, since the study is a comparative one and yields to the investigation of different societies in which the poems were composed. Farrokhzad lives in an era on the verge of modernism, that’s why she is still preoccupied with the traditions of the past, though she would finally depict the woman persona as having stepped beyond these limitations. Plath’s concerns, on the other hand, rise from a mind entangled with the impacts of modernity and the hollow men. Both are able to pass the winter, though, as female creators who await the reproductive spring blossoms to flourish.

 


Keywords


Ecofeminism, New Historicism, Forogh Farrokhzad, Sylvia Plath

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alaimo, S. (2000). Undomesticated Ground: Recasting Nature as Feminist Space

Ithaca: Cornell University P.

Britzolakis, C. (2006) Ariel and Other Poems In Cambridge Companion to Sylvia Plath Ed by Jo Gill, Cambridge University Press.

Campbell, A. E. (2008) New Directions in Ecofeminist Literary Criticism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Cambridge

Dickie, M. (1979) Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes. University of Illinois Press, Illinois.

Farrokhzad, F. (1982). Bride of Acacias: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad. Jascha Frederick Kessler with Amin Banani, tr. Amin Banani, intro. Ehsan Yarshater, foreword. Farzaneh Milani, afterword. Delmar, N.Y. Caravan.

Ford, K. (1997) Gender and the Poetics of Excess: Moments of Brocade. University Press of Mississippi.

Garrard, G. (2004). Ecocriticism. London: Routledge.

Goodwin, S.W. (1994). Cross Fire and Collaboration among Compartive Literature, Feminism, and the New Historicism In Borderwork; Feminism Engagement with Comparative Literature. Edited by Margaret R.Higonnet. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London

Hillmann, M. C. (1990). An Autobiographical Voice: Forugh Farrokhzad. In Women's Autobiographies in Contemporary Iran. Cambridge, Ma. Harvard University Press (33-53).

King, Y. (1989). The Ecology of Feminism and the Feminism of ecology in J. Plant (ed.) Healing the Wounds: the Promise of Ecofeminism, Green: London

Mahdavi, S. (1985), Captivity, Rebellion, and Rebirth. Parnassus: Poetry in Review, 12-13, (393-400).

Milani, F. (1988) Forugh Farrokhzad. In Persian Literature, Ehsan Yarshater, ed. Albany, N.Y. Bibliotheca Persica.

Pesa, P. D. (1978) “The Imperious Muse: Some Observations on Women, Nature, and the Poetic Tradition.” Ed. Cheryl L. Brown and Karen Olson. Feminist Criticism: Essays on Theory, Poetry and Prose. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow.

Plath, S. (2004). The Poems. Poem Hunter.Com. World Poetry Archieve. (158).

Plath, S. (1977). ‘Context’, in Jonny Panic and the Bible of Dreams and Other Prose Writings (London, Faber). (92-3).

Plumwood, V. (1993) Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London: Routledge.

Davion, V. (1994) Is Ecofeminism Feminist?, in K. Warren (ed.) Ecological Feminism, London: Routledge

Rylance, Rick. (2001). The Poetry of Sylvia Plath in Literature in Context Edited by Rick Rylance and Judy Simons (2001). Palgrave, New York.

Warren, K. J. (, 1997). Taking Empirical Data Seriously: An Ecofeminist Philosophical Perspective. In Ecofeminism: Women, Culture, Nature. Ed. Karen Warren. With editorial assistance from Nisvan Erkal. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.

Warren, K. (1990). The Power and Promise of Ecological Feminism. Environmental Ethics 12: (125-146).

Zubizarreta, J. (1992). The Woman Who Sings No, No, No: Love, Freedom, and Rebellion in the Poetry of Forugh Farrokhzad, World Literature Today 66, 3.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.4p.1

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2012-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the journal emails into your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.