Breaking the Silence: The Impact of the CLT Method on Grade 12 Students' Speaking Skills
Abstract
Teaching speaking skills to EFL learners remains a significant challenge, often hindered by traditional methods that prioritize rote learning over meaningful communication. This study investigates the impact of communicative language teaching (CLT) on the speaking skills of Grade 12 students, while also exploring their attitudes toward this approach. Moreover, the study considers how CLT might contribute to enhancing language literacy, particularly in terms of speaking proficiency. Thirty Grade 12 students, selected through purposive sampling, participated in the study. The research employed a pre- and post-test, a questionnaire, and a semi-structured interview as the primary instruments. Data analysis involved calculating mean scores and standard deviations, along with thematic analysis of the interview data. Findings revealed that the implementation of CLT significantly improved students' speaking skills, with mean scores rising from 61.2 to 69.2. Additionally, students demonstrated positive attitudes toward the method, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing their speaking ability and creating a favorable language learning experience.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abe, E. (2013). Communicative language teaching in Japan: Current practices and future prospects: Investigating students' experiences of current communicative approaches to English language teaching inschools in Japan. English Today, 29(2), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078413000163
Abella, R. (2016). The human person in society. Vibal Group, Inc.
Andas, C. (2014). Active learning strategies for teaching outcomes-based education. The Professional Teacher, 4(2), 24.
Anggraini, A. (2018). Improving students’ speaking skill through CLT an action research. Wanastra Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra, 10(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.31294/w.v10i1.2609
Apridayani, A., & Teo, A. (2021). The interplay among SRL strategies, English self-efficacy, and English proficiency of Thai university students. Studies in English Language and Education, 8(3), 1123-1143.
Ashraf, M. A., & Tsegay, S. M. (2015). Analysis of globalization and “Englishization” in Pakistan. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsll.2015.1205
Aziz, M. N. A., Yusoff, N. M., & Yaakob, M. F. M. (2020). Challenges in using authentic assessment in 21st Century ESL classrooms. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 9(3), 759–768.
Baugh, A. (1993). A history of the English language. Prentice-Hall.
Berns, M. S. (1990). Contexts of Competence: Social and Cultural Consideration in Communicative Language
Teaching. Plenum.
Blog, S. (2024, September 30). Examples of communicative language teaching activities. Sanako. https://sanako.com/examples-of-communicative-language-teaching-activities
Bonate, P. L. (2000). Analysis of pretest-posttest designs. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420035926
Bouchebat, A., Lehacani, R., & Bouhadjar, H. (2023). Primary school teachers’ and inspectors’ attitudes towards the use of presentation, practice and production method in teaching English case study: primary school teachers and inspectors in the State of Jijel. http://dspace.univ-jijel.dz:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/13505
Bruner, D. A., Sinwongsuwat, K., & Radic-Bojanic, B. (2014). EFL oral communication teaching practices: A close look at university teachers and A2 students’ perspectives in Thailand and a critical eye from Serbia. English Language Teaching, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n1p11
Brown, H. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). Pearson Education Inc.
Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Chaiyasat, C., & Intakaew, A. (2023). Communicative language teaching for Thai EFL students and classroom silences in English medium instruction. Issues in Educational Research, 33(4), 1323-1340.
Chaya, P. (2022). Movie exploratory study for appropriate cultural contents for enhancing Thai EFL students’ English-speaking skills and intercultural communicative competence. Asian Social Science and Humanities Research Journal, 4(1), 1–14.
Chen, W. (2015). A case study of action research on communicative language teaching. Journal of Interdisciplinary Mathematics, 18(6), 705-717. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720502.2015.1108075
Colker, L.J. (2007). Hand-on Learning. National Association for the Education of Young Children.
Cook, V. (2008). Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. Hodder Education.
Ding, L. (2018). Engaging in English speaking teaching based on a task-based approach: Role-play with an adult Syrian in an experiential learning. The Morning Watch: Educational and Social Analysis, 46(1–2), 1–21. Retrieved from https://journals.library.mun.ca/index.php/mwatch/article/view/2038/1618
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). The discussion of communicative language teaching approach in language classrooms. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research, 7(2), 104-109. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2020.72.104.109
Eddie, A. A., & Aziz, A. A. (2020). Developing primary students’ spoken interaction skill through communicative language teaching. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v10-i2/6931
Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press.
Harmer, J. (1998). How to teach English: An introduction to the practice of English language teaching. Longman.
Hayat, N. (2017). Improving students speaking skill through communicative language teaching at the tenth grade of SMAN 3 Polewali (A PreExperimental Research) [Unpublished Thesis]. Muhammadiyah University of Makassar.
Ho, Y. C. (2020). Communicative language teaching and English as a foreign language undergraduates’ communicative competence in Tourism English. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100271
Hongsa, N., Wathawatthana, P., & Yonwilad, W. (2023). The Effects of TikTok Application on the Improvement of EFL Students’ English-Speaking Skills. World Journal of English Language, 13(7), 77–88. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n7p77
Howatt, A., & Widdowson, H. G. (2004). A history of English language teaching (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Inprasit, C. (2016). Thai native teachers' experiences of using communicative language teaching in extended education schools. Thammasat University.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2001). Learning together and alone: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Komol, T., & Suwanphathama, S. (2020). Students’ perceptions and attitudes toward the use of communicative Language teaching (CLT) to improve English listening and speaking skills. English Language and Literature Studies, 10(4), 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n4p40
Likert, R. (1979). From Production- and Employee-Centeredness to Systems 1-4. Journal of Management, 5(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920637900500205
MacIntyre, D. P. (2007). Willingness to communicate in the second language: Understanding the decision to speak as a volitional process. The Modern Language Journal, 91(4), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2007.00623.x
McCroskey, J. C. & Richmond, V. P. (1982). Communication apprehension and shyness: Conceptual and operational distinctions. Central States Speech Journal, 33(3), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1080/10510978209388452
Meksophawannagul, M. (2015). Teacher and learner views on effective English teaching in the Thai context: the case of engineering students. English Language Teaching, 8(11), 99. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v8n11p99
The National Institute of Educational Testing Service (Public Organization). (2022). NIETS visited O-NET test field for grade 6 students in the 2022 academic year at Sainamtip School. Retrieved January 6, 2025, from https://www.niets.or.th/en/content/view/25554
Namfah, N. (2024). "Should I Submit a Blank Assignment?!!": The Effect of Machine Translation on the Writing Process and Performance among Thai EFL Students with Low English Proficiency. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 17(2), 134-162.
Nunan, D. (1991). Methods in second language classroom-oriented research: A critical view. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2, 249-274.
Panpistharwee, P., & Suwannarak, K. (2024). Implementing the CLT approach in online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic: Opportunities and challenges encountered by Thai EFL university lecturers. LEARN Journal: Language Education and Acquisition Research Network, 17(2), 655-678.
Phetsangkhad, P., & Kriangkrai, P. (2023). Exploring the Thai EFL landscape: Implications for English language teaching. Law and Humanities Quarterly Reviews, 2(1). https://ssrn.com/abstract=4380565
Rahman, S. F.A., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2021). Applying UTAUT in predicting ESL lecturers’ intention to use flipped learning. Sustainability, 13(15), 8571.
Rahmatillah, K. (2019). Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) through Role Play and Task-Based Instruction. Script Journal Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching, 4(2), 161–177. https://doi.org/10.24903/sj.v4i2.339
Rezalou, A., & Yagiz, O. (2021). EFL students’ perceptions and attitudes toward using communicative activities in CLT classroom. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9, 112–124.
Richards, J. C. & Renandya, W.A. (2002). Methodology in language teaching: An anthology of current practice. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. (2001). Approaches and methods in language teaching (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.
Santos, D., & Miguel, L. (2020). The Discussion of Communicative Language Teaching Approach in Language Classrooms. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(2), 104–109. DOI: 10.20448/journal.509.2020.72.104.109
Sarikha, P. (2022). Thai EFL secondary school teachers' perceptions and the challenges regarding the implementation of communicative language teaching (CLT). Thammasat University.
Savignon, S. J. (2002). Communicative curriculum design for the 21st century. English Teaching Forum, 40(1), 2-7.
Savignon, S. J. (2010). Communicative language teaching: Strategies and goals. In E. Henkel (Ed.), Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 635-651). Routledge.
Spratt, M., Pulverness, A. & Williams, M. (2005). The TKT (Teaching Knowledge Test) Course, Cambridge University Press.
Sulastri, S., Raja, P., & Sinaga, T. (2024). Developing HOTs-based communicative language teaching (CLT) to improve students’ speaking skill in foreign language learning. EDUTEC: Journal of Education and Technology, 7(3), 577-590. https://doi.org/10.29062/edu.v7i3.797
Suphan, P., & Phusawisot, P. (2020). An action research for improving speaking ability of vocational students using communicative language teaching activities. Journal of Education Rajabhat Maha Sarakham University, 17(3), 139–152. Retrieved from https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/edu-rmu/article/view/251538
Tahe, A. (2021). The problems of Thai students in mastering English speaking skills in the Islamic University of Lamongan. E-Link Journal, 7(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.30736/ej.v7i2.332
Tomlinson, B. & Dat, B. (2004). The contributions of Vietnamese learners of English to ELT methodology. Language Teaching Research, 8(2), 199-222. https://doi.org/10.1191/1362168804lr140oa
Tran, T. H. (2022). Employing CLT approach to improve English speaking skill for Hau Giang Community College students. International Journal of Language Instruction, 1(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.54855/ijli.22114
Ur, P. (1996). A course in language teaching: Practice and theory. SERBIULA (Sistema Librum 2.0).
Vargas, R. J. P., Del Pilar Sisalema Sánchez, V., & Mejía, T. L. C. (2023). Effectiveness of presentation, practice and production method on the development of speaking fluency. Runas Journal of Education and Culture, 4(7), e23091. https://doi.org/10.46652/runas.v4i7.91
Wang, M. (2019). Analysis of classroom silence in English class in Chinese universities. Academic Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences, 2(1), 54-64. https://doi:10.25236/AJHSS.040024
Widiyati, E., & Pangesti, W. (2022). Project-based learning in teaching speaking to young learners: Is it effective? Edulite: Journal of English Education, Literature, and Culture, 7(1), 71. https://doi.org/10.30659/e.7.1.71-81
Zainal, N. H., & Yunus, M. M. (2021). A Review of The Use of Online Module to improve English-speaking Skills among University Students. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v10-i4/11668
Zakiyah, K. (2022). Communicative language teaching (CLT) in teaching speaking skill at basic class in ECC Darussalam Course in academic year 2021/2022 [Unpublished bachelor’s thesis]. English Education Department, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training, Islamic Institute of Darussalam Blokagung Banyuwangi.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.13n.2p.612
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
2013-2025 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies
You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.