Email this article 
Socio-Educational Policies and Covid-19 – A Case Study on Finland and Sweden in the Spring 2020
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aivelo, T. (2020). Koronaepidemia siirtyy uuteen vaiheeseen [Corona virus epidemy proceeds to a new phase]. Tiede-lehti. February 24, 2020, from https://rebrand.ly/j4yiig9
Albrecht, J. R., & Kavabenick, S.A. (2019). Relevant education in a changing world: Expanding value for the motivation sciences. In E. N. Gonida, & M. S. Lemos. (Eds.) Motivation in education at a time of global change: A theory, research, and implications for practice, volume 20 (pp. 33-52). Bingley, UK: CPI Group.
Andersson, H.L. (2020, May 27). Sverige har haft flest dödä - två veckor in rad [Sweden has had highest death rate – two weeks in a row]. Expressen. https://rb.gy/g2nzww
Andersson, L. [@liandersson] (n.d.). Tweets [lianderson]. Retrieved from March 17 to June 5, 2020.
Anderson, R. M., Heesterbeek, H., Klinkenberg, D., & Hollingsworth, T. D. (2020). How will country-based mitigation measures influence the course of the COVID-19 epidemic? The Lancet, 395 (10228), 931-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30567-5
Atjonen, P., Laivamaa, H., Levonen, A., Orell,S., Saari, M., Sulonen, K., Tamm, M., Kamppi, P., Rumpu, N., Hietala, R., & Immonen, J. (2019). “että tietää, missä on menossa”. Oppimisen ja osaamisen arviointi perusopetuksessa ja lukiokoulutuksessa. [“So that we know where we stand” Assessment of learning and competence in basic education and general upper secondary education.]. KARVI 7. [Finnish Education Evaluation Centre (FINEEC) 7]. https://karvi.fi/app/uploads/2019/04/KARVI_0719.pdf
Aluehallintovirasto. (AVI). (2020). Aluehallintovirastot tekivät tartuntalain mukaiset jatkopäätökset yleisötilaisuuksien kieltämisestä ja oppilaitosten sulkemisesta [Regional State Administrative Agencies made decisions by denying public events and institutional closures]. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.avi.fi/web/avi/-/aluehallintovirastot-tekivat-tartuntatautilain-mukaiset-jatkopaatokset-yleisotilaisuuksien-kieltamisesta-ja-oppilaitosten-tilojen-sulkemisesta
Basic Education Act 628/1998 (Amendments up to 1136/2010). https://rebrand.ly/internetservice3990c
Borman, G. D., Grigg, J., & Hanselman, P. (2016). An effort to close achievement gaps at scale through self-affirmation. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 38(1), 21-42. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373715581709
Bruns, D. P., Kraguljac, N. V., & Bruns, T. R. (2020). COVID-19: Facts, cultural considerations, and risk of stigmatization. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 31(4), 326-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659620917724
Burgess, A., & Horii, M. (2012), Risk, ritual and health responsibilisation: Japan’s ‘safety blanket’ of surgical face mask-wearing. Sociology of Health & Illness, 34(8), 1184-1198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2012.01466.x
Burton, K.D., Lydon, J. E., D’Alessandro, D.U., & Koestner, R. (2006). The differential effects of intrinsic and identified motivation on well-being and performance: Prospective, experimental, and implicit approaches to self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91, 750-62. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.750
Butler, R. (2019). Gender, Motivation and Society: New and continuing challenges. In E. N. Gonida, & M. S. Lemos. (Eds.). Motivation in education at a time of global change: Theory, research, and implications for practice, volume 20 (pp. 129-141). Bingley, UK: CPI Group.
Burgoyne, J. (2020, May 29). Measurement of learning: A different approach to improvement. Centre for Public Impact. https://rb.gy/ug26hy
Cameron, I., & Jonsson-Cornell, A. (2019, May 7). Sweden and COVID 19: A constitutional perspective. Verfassungsblog on Matters Constitutional. https://verfassungsblog.de/sweden-and-covid-19-a-constitutional-perspective/
Cauchemez S., Ferguson N., Wachtel C., Tegnell, A., Saour G., Duncan, B., & Nicoll, A. (2009). Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 9(8), 473-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70176-8
Cheng, V.C., Wong, S.C., Chuang, V.W., So, S.Y., Chen,J.H., Sridhar, S., To, K.K., Chan, J.F., Hung, I.F., Ho, P.L., & Yuen, K.Y. (in press). The role of community-wide wearing of face mask for control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Journal of Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.024
Cohen, M., & Corey, L. (2020). Combination prevention for COVID-19. Science, 368, (6491), 551. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc5798
Colao, A., Pulimeno, M., Colazzo, S., Miani, A., & Giannini, S. (in press). Rethinking the role of the school after COVID-19. The Lancet Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30124-9
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum.
Dede, C. (2010). Comparing frameworks for 21st century skills. In J. Bellanca, & R. Brandt (Eds.), 21st Century Skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 51-75). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree Press.
Emergency Powers Act of Finland (1080/1991). https:// https://rebrand.ly/internetservice076c2
EURYDICE. (2018a, August 7). Sweden: Administration and governance at central and/or regional level. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/administration-and-governance-central-andor-regional-level-80_en
EURYDICE (2018b, January 24). Finland: Organisation and governance. https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/finland/organisation-and-governance_en
Fall, T. (2020, May 28). Professorn: Tryck ner covid-19 med aktiv smittspårning. [Professor: Beat the covid-19 with act]. Dagens Nyheter. https://www.dn.se/nyheter/sverige/professorn-tryck-ner-covid-19-med-aktiv-smittsparning/
Ferguson, N., Laydon, D., Nedjati-Gilani, G., Imai, N., Ainslie, K., Baguelin, M,… Ghani, A. (2020). Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. Imperial College London. https://doi.org/10.25561/77482.
Finnish Border Guard (RAJAa). (n.d.). Guidelines for Border traffic. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.raja.fi/current_issues/guidelines_for_border_traffic/13_5
Finnish Border Guard (RAJAb) (n.d.). Instructions for border traffic issued by the Border Guard in accordance with the Government decision of 7 May 2020. Retrieved May13, 2020, from https://www.raja.fi/current_issues/guidelines_for_border_traffic
Finnish Government. (FGovt). (2020a, March 13). Prohibiting public events in Finland: Ministry of Social Affairs and Health sent guidelines to the regional state administrative agencies. Retrieved March 14, 2020, from https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/1271139/yleisotilaisuuksien-kieltaminen-stm-on-lahettanyt-toimenpideohjeet-aluehallintovirastoille
Finnish Government. (2020b, April 7). Government decided on tightening restrictions on border traffic along the border with Sweden and Norway and on steps to secure medical care in Åland. Retrieved May 7, 2020 from, https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/10616/hallitus-linjasi-rajaliikenteen-tiukennuksista-ruotsin-ja-norjan-vastaisella-rajalla-ahvenanmaan-sairaanhoito-turvataan
Finnish Government. (2020c). Ohje koulutuksen järjestäjille. [Instruction for education providers]. Retrieved May 4, 2020, from https://vnk.fi/documents/10616/20764066/Ohje+koulutuksen+j%C3%A4rjest%C3%A4jille+040520.pdf
Finnish National Agency of Education (FNAE). (2014). Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet 2014 [Basic Education Curriculum of Finland 2014]. https://www.oph.fi/sites/default/files/documents/perusopetuksen_opetussuunnitelman_perusteet_2014.docx
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020a, March 25). School Premises in Finland closed to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Retrieved May 11, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/en/news/2020/school-premises-finland-closed-prevent-spread-coronavirus
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020b, May 8). COVID-related restrictions on education gradually lifted in Finland from14.5.2020. Retrieved May 14, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/en/news/2020/covid-related-restrictions-education-gradually-lifted-finland-1452020
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020c). Pandemia ja kriisityö webinaari-sarja.[Webinar set for pandemic and crisis management]. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/fi/tapahtumat/2020/pandemia-ja-kriisityo-webinaarisarja
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020d, June 1). Opetushallituksen kysely tarjoaa kattavan kuvan oppimateriaalitilanteesta juuri ennen etäopetukseen siirtymistä [Inquiry of learning materials in late 2019 gave a sound perspective for learning materials right before remote teaching. News 1.6.2020]. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/fi/uutiset/2020/opetushallituksen-kysely-tarjoaa-kattavan-kuvan-oppimateriaalitilanteesta-juuri-ennen
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020e, April 3). Oppilaan arviointi perusopetuksessa poikkeusolojen aikana [Student assessment under exceptional circumstances]. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/fi/oppilaan-arviointi-perusopetuksessa-poikkeusolojen-aikana
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020f, May 15). Oppivelvollisuus ja poissaolot 14.5.2020 alkaen [Compulsory education and absences 14.5.2020 onwards]. Retrieved 15.5.2020 from, https://www.oph.fi/fi/oppivelvollisuus-ja-poissaolot-perusopetuksesta-1452020-alkaen
Finnish National Agency of Education. (2020g, May 20). Lähiopetukseen on palattu – huomioita perusopetuksen ja varhaiskasvatuksen järjestäjille. [A return to contact teaching – notes for basic education and early childhood education providers]. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/fi/uutiset/2020/lahiopetukseen-palattu-huomioita-perusopetuksen-ja-varhaiskasvatuksen-jarjestajille
Finnish National Agency of Education. (n.d.). Lähiopetukseen palaaminen perusopetuksessa [Returning to contact teaching in basic education]. Retrieved May 13, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/fi/koulutus-ja-tutkinnot/145-alkaen-lahiopetukseen-palaaminen-perusopetuksessa
Folkhälsomyndigheten [National Health Officials of Sweden] (FHM). (2020a). Information till förskola, grundskola och gymnasier om covid-19. [Covid-19 information for schools and preschools]. Retrieved May 17, 2020, from https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/smittskydd-beredskap/utbrott/aktuella-utbrott/covid-19/verksamheter/information-till-skola-och-forskola-om-den-nya-sjukdomen-covid-19/
Folkhälsomyndigheten [National Health Officials of Sweden]. (2020b, May 22). Statistik, covid-19 veckoraporter, vecka 18. [Statistics, Covid-19 weekly reports, week 18]. Retrieved May 28, 2020, from https://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/folkhalsorapportering-statistik/statistik-a-o/sjukdomsstatistik/covid-19-veckorapporter/
Folhälsomyndigheten [National Health Officials of Sweden]. (2020c, May 13). Folkhälsomyndigheten: “Liten andel som är asymptomatiska”. [A minor part remains asymptomatic]. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.svt.se/nyheter/folkhalsomyndigheten-liten-andel-som-ar-asymptomatiska
Gayle, V., & Lambert, P. (2018). What is quantitative longitudinal data analysis? New York, NY: Bloomington.
Cohen, N. (2020, May 23). Sweden’s Covid-19 policy model for right. It’s also a deadly folly. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/commentisfree/2020/may/23/sweden-covid-19-policy-model-for-right-also-a-deadly-folly
Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York, NY: Basic books.
Goble, E., & Yin, Y. (2014). Introduction to hermeneutical phenomenology: A research methodology best learned by doing it. IQM: The Qualitative Research Blog. https://iiqm.wordpress.com/2014/10/16/introduction-to-hermeneutic-phenomenology-a-research-methodology-best-learned-by-doing-it/
Gordon, D. (2006). The concept of the hidden curriculum. Journal of Philosophy of Education,16, 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9752.1982.tb00611.x
Gritti, M. (2020). Stories of the 1918 influenza pandemic and its legacy. The Lancet Infectious Disease, 20(1), 36-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(19)30710-8
Grolnick, W. S., Kurowski, C. O., & Gurland, S. T. (1999). Family processes and the development of children’s self-regulation. Educational Psychologist, 34(1), 3–14. https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/1999_GrolnickKurowskiGurland_EP.pdf
Gråsten, H. (2020, March 4). THL:n osastojohtaja hissuttelusyytöksistä: Emme voi tietää varmaksi, ettei Suomessa ole koronavirus-epidemiaa. [THL Department leader about accusations: We cannot know for certain, whether there is, or isn’t corona epidemic in Finland]. Satakunnan Kansa. https://www.satakunnankansa.fi/a/6c5b1fb0-7f5c-4ed1-b2cd-985050bb8359
Göteborg’s Stad (2020). Om grundskoleförvaldning ock coronaviruset. [About basic education school administration and corona virus]. Retrieved May 16, 2020, from https://goteborg.se/wps/portal/press-och-media/aktuelltarkivet/aktuellt/18b9930e-d34c-4d6a-817a-c1b8e74e5f9f/!ut/p/z1/pZFdT4MwFIZ_ixdcQk9bKK13YMyyOQRHUMaNKax8JHyFMU389XYaEzVmLnqSc5I27_Oci4MylKKsl09NJedm6GWr39uMPRIf7riPPQjvo2tYrm9sEm8oWcQEPbwFEvwRCCMGy1VEktvAo4xjlP2Dx7FzHg9fygN_Q3wKsAjJX_jPpvP4E4HstH712wJ9ATIFV0GFslHOtdn05YBSzHMhKChzR-3CtHdMmhy70ixwzpVrK6cU5dHd5J31XHQWWAQcbrsEKGNcUCHso9nrc8q1eVKlmtRkHSZ98nqex_2lAQZ0smmtahiqVlnF0L1_6HnQPRrAOTPgJ0097GeUfqPR2CW60pd1GczO1rt4BdbwkWg!/dz/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/
Hakalehto, S., & Rautiainen, P. (2020). Koulujen avaamisesta. [About the opening of schools]. Perustuslakiblogi. https://perustuslakiblogi.wordpress.com/2020/05/08/suvianna-hakalehto-pauli-rautiainen-koulujen-avaamisesta/
Halder, N., Kelso, J. K., & Milne, G. J. (2010). Developing guidelines for school closure interventions to be used during a future influenza pandemic. BMC Infectious Diseases, 10, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-10-221
Hellberg, L. (2020, June 2). Sveriges PISA framgong bygger på falska siffror [Swedish PISA success built of falsified figures]. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/qs/sveriges-pisa-framgang-bygger-pa-falska-siffror/
Hecht, C., A., Prininski, S., J., & Harackiewicz, J. M. (2019). Understanding long-term effects of motivation interventions in a changing world. In E. N. Gonida, & M. S. Lemos (Eds.) Motivation in education at a time of global change: A Theory, research, and implications for practice (83-92). Bingley, UK: CPI Group.
Heidegger, M. (1993). What calls for thinking. In M. Heidegger. Basic writings (370-391). London, UK: Routledge.
Hellberg, L. (2020, June 2). Sveriges PISA framgong bygger på falska siffror [Swedish PISA success built of falsified figures]. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/qs/sveriges-pisa-framgang-bygger-pa-falska-/
Helsingin Sanomat (2020, March 16-June 3). Lukijan mielipide [Readers’ opinion(s)]. Retrieved March 16 – 3 June 3, from https://www.hs.fi/mielipide/
Huoltovarmuuskeskus [National Emergency Supply Center]. (2020, April 14). Report completed on the national emergency supply agency activities regarding the procurement of protective equipment. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.nesa.fi/report-completed-on-the-national-emergency-supply-agencys-activities-regarding-the-procurement-of-protective-equipment/siffror
John Hopkins University (JHU) (2020). Coronavirus research center. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/testing/international-comparison
Jällhage, L. (2020, May 6). Nu öppnar Kågesskolan igen efter coronadödfallet [Now opens Kågel School again after a corona death]. Lärären. https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/coronaviruset/efter-larardoden--nu-oppnar-kageskolan-igen
Jällhage, N., & Svahn, N. (2020, May 19). MSB: Lärare ska inte prioriteras [teachers should not have priority (in testing)]. Lärären. https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/coronaviruset/yrkena-som-ska-provtas---hela-listan
Kaplan, A., Garner, J. K., & Brock, B. (2019). Identity and motivation in a changing world. A complex dynamic systems perspective. In E. N. Gonida, & M. S. Lemos (Eds.) Motivation in education at a time of global change: Theory, Research, and Implications for Practice (pp. 101-122). Bingley, UK: CPI Group.
Kassnert, J. (2020, March 6). Experten:”Ingen anledning till at hålla skolorna stängda” [Expert: “no reason to keep the school closed”]. Mitti i Stockholm. https://mitti.se/nyheter/stangningen-skolor-statsepidemiologen/
Khoon Lee, G.K., Hun, T., & Lees, M. (2011) Temporal factors in school closure policy for mitigating the spread of influenza. Journal of Public Health Policy 32, 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.1
Krisinformation.se [Emergency information from Swedish authorities] (n.d.). Public Health Agency recommendations. Retrieved May 25, 2020, from https://www.krisinformation.se/en
Lamb, S., Maire, Q., & Doecke, E. (2017). Key skills for the 21st century: An evidence-based review. Melbourne, Australia: Victoria University.
Langdridge, D. (2007). Phenomenological psychology: Theory, research and method. Harlow, UK: Pearson Education Ltd.
Lee, W. O & Tan, J. P. L. (2018). The new roles for twenty-first century teachers: Facilitator, knowledge broker, and pedagogical weaver. In H. Niemi, A. Toom, A. Kallioniemi & J. Lavonen (Eds.) The Teachers’ Role in the Changing Globalizing World. Resources and Challenges Related to the Professional Work of Teaching (pp. 11-32). Leiden, the Netherlands: Printforce.
Liiten, M. (2020, May 14). Näin etäkoulu sujui: Kymmenettuhannet suomalaislapset vastasivat kyselyyn, grafiikat näyttävät ilot ja murheet. [This was how remote schooling worked: Tens of thousands of Finnish children replied, graphics indicated]. Helsingin Sanomat. https://www.hs.fi/politiikka/art-2000006506771.html
Lim, T. K. (2006). Gifted students in a community of inquiry. Journal of Educational Policy, 3, 67-80.
Lind, A.-S., & Namli, E. (2017). Mänskliga rättigheter i offentlig förvaltning. In A.S. Lind & E. Namli (Eds), Mänskliga rättigheter i det offentliga Sverige. [Human Rights in official Sweden] (pp.15–20). http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322859
Lindeberg, R. (2020, June 3). Man behind Sweden’s virus strategy says he got some things wrong. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-03/man-behind-sweden-s-virus-strategy-says-he-got-some-things-wrong
Lipsitch, M., Riley, S., Cauchemez. S., Ghani, A.C., & Ferguson, N. M. (2009). Managing and reducing uncertainty in an emerging influenza pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp0904380
Lo, J. Y., Tsang, T. H., Leung, Y. H., Yeung, E. Y., Wu, T., & Lim, W. W. (2005). Respiratory infections during SARS outbreak, Hong Kong, 2003. Emerging infectious diseases, 11(11), 1738–1741. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1111.050729
Loima, J. (2019). Encouraging enough? A case study on parental feedback on new assessment in Finnish basic education. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(2), 189-196. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.189
Loima, J. (2020). Innovation, Recreation, Interpretation? A Case Study on the Origins and Implementation of Transversal Core Competencies in Finnish Basic Education Core Curriculum Reform 2016. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 8(1), 180-189. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.1p.180
Luukkainen, O. [@olliLuukkainen]. (n.d.). Tweets [olliLuukkainen]. Retrieved from May 8 - 29, 2020.
Läraren (2020, May 19). Riskgruppersättning lanseras snart [Risk group estimation will be produced soon]. Läraren. https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/coronaviruset/bekraftat-riskgruppsersattning-lanseras-snart
Magnusson, A.H. (2020, May 29). Vi är tusentals som aldrig tycks att bli friska igen [There are dozens of us, who will never be healthy again – help us]. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/debatt/vi-ar-tusentals-som-aldrig-tycks-bli-friska-hjalp-oss/
Miller, J. (1996). The holistic curriculum. Toronto, Canada: Toronto University Press.
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland (MinEdu). (2020a). Government, in cooperation with the President of republic declares a state of emergency in Finland due to coronavirus outbreak. Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/10616/hallitus-totesi-suomen-olevan-poikkeusoloissa-koronavirustilanteen-vuoksi
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland. (2020b). Government policy recommendations for providers of early childhood education and care, pre-primary education, primary and lower secondary education, general upper secondary education, vocational education, higher education, liberal education and basic art education in order to slow down the spread of coronavirus infections. Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/valtioneuvoston-linjaus-suosituksista-varhaiskasvatuksen-esiopetuksen-perusopetuksen-lukio-ja-ammatillisen-koulutuksen-korkeakoulutuksen-vapaan-sivist
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland. (2020c). Government issues resolution adapting yesterday’s decision to lift restrictions from early childhood care and basic education. Retrieved April 30, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/10616/valtioneuvosto-vahvisti-periaatepaatoksella-eilisen-linjauksen-varhaiskasvatuksen-ja-perusopetuksen-rajoitteiden-purkamisesta
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland. (2020d). Contact teaching commences on Thursday 14th May. Retrieved May 4, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/en/article/-/asset_publisher/lahiopetus-jatkuu-torstaina-14-toukokuuta
Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland. (2020e). Instructions from the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and the Ministry of Education and Culture to providers of education and early childhood education and care during the COVID-19 epidemic. Retrieved May 9, 2020, from https://www.oph.fi/en/education-and-qualifications/education-finland-and-coronavirus
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2020f). Kuntakysely: koko maassa 88 prosenttia oppilaista osallistui opetukseen koulujen avauduttua, maakuntien välillä eroja. [Municipality inquiry covered the country. 88 percent of pupils participated to close teaching in schools’ reopening] Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/kuntakysely-koko-maassa-88-prosenttia-oppilaista-osallistui-opetukseen-koulujen-avauduttua-maakuntien-valilla-eroja
Ministry of Education and Culture. (2020g). Kuntakysely: oppilashuollon palvelujen kysyntä on vähentynyt poikkeusolojen aikana. [Municipality inquiry: Requests for student welfare services have declined during the state of emergency]. Retrieved June 2, 2020, from https://minedu.fi/artikkeli/-/asset_publisher/kuntakysely-oppilashuollon-palveluiden-tarjoaminen-on-vahentynyt-poikkeusolojen-aikana
Ministry of Education and Research of Sweden (MinER). (2020a). The Governments work in the area of education in response to the coronavirus. Retrieved March 30, 2020, from https://www.government.se/articles/2020/03/the-governments-work-in-the-area-of-education-in-response-to-the-coronavirus/
Ministry of Health and Social Services of Sweden (MinHS). (2020a). Speech by Minister Lena Hallengren at WHO briefing 23.4.2020. Retrieved May 4, 2020, from https://www.government.se/speeches/2020/04/speech-by-minister-for-health-and-social-affairs-lena-hallengren-at-who-briefing-23-april/
Ministry of Health and Social Services of Sweden. (2020b). Decisions and guidelines of health and social affairs policy areas to limit the spread of the covid-19. Retrieved April 9, 2020, from https://www.government.se/articles/2020/04/s-decisions-and-guidelines-in-the-ministry-of-health-and-social-affairs-policy-areas-to-limit-the-spread-of-the-covid-19-virusny-sida/ Ministry of Social Affairs and Health (2020). Tiedotteet [Media releases]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://stm.fi/tiedotteet
Mossige-Norheim, T. (2020, May 30). Sveriges vändring: har ändrat strategi [Sweden’s turn: strategy have changed]. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/sveriges-vandning-har-andrat-strategi/
Myndigheten för samhällskydd och beredskap [Swedish Contingency officials] (MSB). (2020). Coronabarometer (April-May). Retrieved May 25, 2020, from https://www.msb.se/sv/sok/?q=coronabarometer
Nafisah, B.S., Alamery, A. H., Aminah, A. N.., Bakhitah, A. B., & Brazanji, N.A. (2018). School closure during novel influenza: A systematic review. Journal of Infections and Public Health, 11(5), 657–661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2018.01.003
Napier, A., Ancarno, C., Butler, B., Calabrese, J., Chater, A., Chatterjee, H.,...Woolf, K. (2014). Culture and health. The Lancet, 384(9954), 1607-1639. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61603-2
Niemi, H., Lavonen, J., Kalliomäki, A., & Toom, A. (2018). The role of teachers in the Finnish educational system. In H. Niemi, A. Toom, A. Kallioniemi, & J. Lavonen. (Eds). The teachers’ role in the changing globalizing world: Resources and challenges related to the professional work of teaching (pp. 48-55). Leiden, the Netherlands: Printforce.
Neuding, P. (2020). Dödsfallen är inte längre tragedi me statistik [Death rates are no more a tragedy but statistics]. Dagens samhälle. Opinionstext. Retrieved May 26, 2020, from https://www.dagenssamhalle.se/kronika/dodsfallen-ar-inte-ar-inte-langre-tragedi-utan-statistik-32665
Non-Discrimination Ombudsman (NDO). (2020). Yhdenvertainen lähi- ja etäopetus poikkeustilassa [Non-discriminating close and remote teaching in state of emergency]. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://www.syrjinta.fi/-/yhdenvertainen-lahi-ja-etaopetusopetus-poikkeustilassa
Olsson, E. (2020, April 24). Flera faktorer bakom coronasmitta is Skellefteåskola [Several reasons for corona infections in Skellefteå School]. Läraren. https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/coronaviruset/flera-faktorer-bakom-coronasmitta-pa-skellefteaskola
Opettajien ammattijärjestö [Teachers’ trade union] (OAJ) (2020). OAJ:lta ehdotus perusopetukseen: näin oppilaat voitaisiin tavoittaa avaamatta kouluja [OAJ suggests: this way pupils could be reached without opening of the schools]. https://www.oaj.fi/ajankohtaista/nakemyksemme/2020/oajlta-ehdotus-perusopetukseen-nain-oppilaat-voitaisiin-tavoittaa-avaamatta-kouluja-koronavirus/
Orange, R. (2020, May 20). Sweden becomes the country of highest coronavirus death rate. The Telegraph. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2020/05/20/sweden-becomes-country-highest-coronavirus-death-rate-per-capita/
Parliamentary Ombudsman (2020). Oikeusasiamiehelle paljon poikkeusoloihin liittyviä kanteluita [Parliamentary Ombudsman received a large number of complaints related to the state of emergency]. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.oikeusasiamies.fi/en/web/guest/-/oikeusasiamiehelle-paljon-poikkeusoloihin-liittyvia-kanteluita
Pearlman, B. (2010). Designing new learning environments to support 21st century skills. In J. Bellanca & R. Brandt (eds.) 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (118-127). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.
Peim, N. (2018). Thinking in educational research. Applying philosophy and theory. London, UK: Bloomsbury.
Programme of International Student Assessment (PISA). (2018). PISA 2018 Results. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/publications/pisa-2018-results.htm
Pyhältö, K., Pietarinen, J., & Soini, T. (2014). Comprehensive schoolteachers’ professional agency in large-scale educational change. Journal of Educational Change 15(3), 303-325.
Rautiainen, P. (2020). Katsaus valmiuslain seitsemänteen toteutusviikkoon. [Review on the 7th week of emergency powers act implementation (in Finland)]. Perustuslakiblogi. Retrieved May 3, 2020, from https://perustuslakiblogi.wordpress.com/2020/05/04/pauli-rautiainen-katsaus-valmiuslain-seitsemanteen-soveltamisviikkoon/
Regeringskansliet (RegK). (2020a). Government of Sweden. Government policy, work and introduction to the new corona virus strategy. Retrieved April 7, 2020 from, https://www.regeringen.se/regeringens-politik/regeringens-arbete-med-anledning-av-nya-coronaviruset/strategi-med-anledning-av-det-nya-coronaviruset/
Regeringskansliet (RegK) (2020b). Government Offices of Sweden. Government strategy in response of the Covid-19 pandemic. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://www.government.se/articles/2020/04/strategy-in-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic/
Reuters. (2020, June 4). Confidence in Swedish Authorities Dips Amid Mounting Pandemic Death Toll, Polls Show. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/06/04/world/europe/04reuters-health-coronavirus-sweden-confidence.html
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. DOI: 10.1037//0003-066x.55.1.68
Salminen, M. [@mika-salminen]. (n.d.). Tweets [mika-salminen]. Retrieved from February 18 - June 4, 2020.
Sahlberg, P. (2015). Finnish Lessons 2.0: What can the world learn from educational change in Finland? (Second Edition). New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Sandberg, M., & Aschberg, R. (2020, May 26). Anders Tegnell had tagit emot dödshot [Anders Tegnell has received death threats]. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/pLzmg6/anders-tegnell-har-tagit-emot-dodshot
Sandeberg, J.A. (2020, May 26). Lärärförsörjningen är det svåraste [The availability of teachers is the most difficult (obstacle)]. Lärären. https://www.lararen.se/nyheter/forskning/lararforsorjningen--ar-det-svaraste
Scheinin, M. (2020, April 28). Onko perustuslaillinen oikeus lähteä maasta unohdettu? [Has Constitutional Finnish citizen’s right to leave the country been forgotten?]. Perustuslakiblogi. https://perustuslakiblogi.wordpress.com/2020/04/28/martin-scheinin-onko-suomen-kansalaisen-perusoikeus-lahtea-maasta-unohdettu/
Schulman, A. (2020, May 23). Det här är en stad som slutat följa Tegnells presskonferenser [This is a city which stopped following Tegnell’s media conferences]. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/kronikorer/alex-schulman/det-har-ar-en-stad-som-slutat-folja-tegnells-presskonferenser/
Sjögren, A. (2020, April 5). Coronasmitta på skola. Föräldrar informeras inte [Corona infection at school. Guardians were not informed]. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/a/dO1ORq/coronasmitta-pa-skola--foraldrar-informerades-inte
Skollagen (2010:800) [Education Act 2010:800 in Sweden]. http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/skollag-2010800_sfs-2010-800
Skaraborgs Allehända. (2020). Stäng grundskolor nu [Close the (basic education) schools now]. Skaraborgs Allehända. Retrieved March 26, 2020, from https://www.sla.se/2020/03/26/stang-grundskolorna-nu/
Sloan, A., & Bowe, B. (2014). Phenomenology and hermeneutic phenomenology: The philosophy, the methodologies and using hermeneutic phenomenology to investigate lecturers’ experiences of curriculum design. Quality & Quantity, 48(3), 1291-1303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9835-3
Sormunen, K., Juuti, K., & Lavonen, J. (2019). Maker-Centered Project-Based Learning in Inclusive Classes: Supporting Students’ Active Participation with Teacher-Directed Reflective Discussions. International Journal of Science and Math Education 18, 691–712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-019-09998-9
Specialpedagogiska Skolmyndigheten (SPSM, n.d.). [Special Pedagogy School Office, Sweden]. Starting page. Visited 7.5.2020, https://www.spsm.se/
Svenska TV (STV). (2020). Korona kan ha funnits i Sverige redan in november. [Corona may have been found in Sweden already in November 2019]. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://www.svt.se/nyheter/inrikes/viruset-kan-ha-funnits-i-sverige-i-november
Smith, A. (1991). National identity. London, UK: Penguin books.
Statistic Center of Finland (STAT). (2020). Number of schools, students and education providers 2019. http://www.stat.fi/til/kjarj/2019/kjarj_2019_2020-02-12_tie_001_en.html
Sveriges Radio (SR). (2020a). State epidemiologist: Corona virus does not pose a threat in Sweden. Retrieved February 28, 2020, from https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=2054&artikel=7394527
Sveriges Radio (SR). (2020b). Antalet virudsöddä är undersaktas. [The numbers of virus mortality rate are underestimated. Radio interview of the state epidemiologist Tegnell]. Retrieved April 25, 2020, from https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=7459277
Svenska TV (2020, May 4). Läräre in Uppsala sjuk i covid-19 – collegor tystade [Teacher in Uppsala sick from covid-19 – colleagues keep silent]. Retrieved April 6, 2020, from https://www.svt.se/nyheter/lokalt/uppsala/corona-pa-skolan-tystas-ner
Swedish National Agency of Education. (SNAE) (2018). Curriculum for the compulsory schools, preschool class and school-age educare 2011 (Revised 2018). https://www.skolverket.se/publikationsserier/styrdokument/2018/curriculum-for-the-compulsory-school-preschool-class-and-school-age-educare-revised-2018?id=3984
Swedish National Agency of Education. (2020a). Instructions and answers for Corona virus and Covid. Regulations for schools and preschools. Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.skolverket.se/regler-och-ansvar/coronaviruset-och-covid-19---regler-for-skolor-och-forskolor#Puffbehallareforsmallpuffar
Swedish National Agency of Education. (2020b). Forskning. Elevers uppfattningar om prov har betydelse [A study. Pupils’ comprehension of (national) tests is meaningful]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://www.skolverket.se/skolutveckling/forskning-och-utvarderingar/forskning/elevers-uppfattningar-om-prov-har-betydelse
Taubenberger J. K. (2006). The origin and virulence of the 1918 “Spanish” influenza virus. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 150(1), 86–112.
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (THL). [Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare]. (2020a). Instructions for those arriving from epidemic areas to Finland. Retrieved February 5, 2020, from https://thl.fi/fi/-/thl-on-paivittanyt-ohjeet-epidemia-alueelta-suomeen-saapuville
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020b). Coronavirus Situation and Prevention measures. Retrieved February 24, 2020, from https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/coronavirus-situation-and-prevention-measures-to-be-reviewed-today-
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020c). Childrens’ coronavirus infections are usually mild. Retrieved April 30, 2020, from https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/children-s-coronavirus-infections-are-usually-mild-no-serious-cases-reported-in-finland-
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020d). The number of people with coronavirus infections may be dozens of times higher. Retrieved May 5, 2020, from https://thl.fi/en/web/thlfi-en/-/number-of-people-with-coronavirus-infections-may-be-dozens-of-times-higher-than-the-number-of-confirmed-cases
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020e). Tilannekatsaus koronaviruksesta. [Updated coronavirus info]. Retrieved May 6, 2020, from https://thl.fi/fi/web/infektiotaudit-ja-rokotukset/ajankohtaista/ajankohtaista-koronaviruksesta-covid-19/tilannekatsaus-koronaviruksesta
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020f). Tilannekatsaus koronaviruksesta 29.5.2020 [Updated coronavirus info]. Retrieved May 29, 2020, from https://thl.fi/fi/web/infektiotaudit-ja-rokotukset/ajankohtaista/ajankohtaista-koronaviruksesta-covid-19/tilannekatsaus-koronaviruksesta#muu_maailma
Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos. (2020g). Tilannekatsaus koronaviruksesta 31.5.2020 .[Updated coronavirus info]. Retrieved June 1, 2020, from https://thl.fi/en/web/infectious-diseases/what-s-new/coronavirus-covid-19-latest-updates/situation-update-on-coronavirus
The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. (2020). Pandemic school closures: Risks and opportunities. The Lancet Child & Adolescent, 4(5), 341. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235246422030105X
Treibel, T., Manistry, C., Burton, M., McKnight, A., Lambourne, J., Augusto, B., Couto-Parada, X., Cutino-Moguel, T. & Moon, J. (2020). COVID-19: PCR screening of asymptomatic health-care workers at London hospital. The Lancet, 395, 1401-1460. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31100-4
Tucker, M. S. (2019). Leading high-performance school systems: Lessons from the world’s best. Alexandria, VA. ASCD.
Turunen, P. (2020, May 8). Huoltovarmuuskeskuksen maskikohun seurauksena kahdelle potkut. [Two Board members fired due to mask scandal in National Emergency Supply Center]. Ilta-sanomat. https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000006500829.html
University of Turku. (2020). Mediatiedote koronaepidemian vaikutuksista peruskoululaisten oppimiseen ja hyvinvointiin 2020 [Media release about corona epidemic influence on pupils learning and well-being 2020]. Retrieved June 2, 2020, fromhttps://www.utu.fi/fi/ajankohtaista/mediatiedote/koronaepidemian-vaikutusta-peruskoululaisten-oppimiseen-ja-hyvinvointiin
UNESCO. (2020). Covid-19 educational disruption and response. Retrieved May 6, 2020 and June 1, 2020, from https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
UNESCO. (2016). UNESCO strategy of education for health and well-being: contributing to the sustainable development goals. Retrieved May 27, 2020, from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000246453
Van Manen, M. (2011) Phenomenologyonline. Retrieved April 21. 2020, from http://www.phenomenologyonline. com/inquiry/orientations-in-phenomenology/hermeneutical-phenomenology/
Van Manen, M. (2006). Writing qualitatively, or the demands of writing: Qualitative Health Research, 16(5), 713-722. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732306286911
Vansteenkiste, M., Niemiec, C. P., & Soenens, B. (2010). The development of the five mini-theories of self-determination theory: An historical overview, emerging trends, and future directions. In T. C. Urdan & S. A. Kavabenick (Eds.). The decade ahead: Theoretical perspectives on motivation and achievement (Vol. 16A) (pp.105–166). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Vesala, H. (2020, May 9). Li Andersson vastaa IS:n haastattelussa koulujen avaamiseen liittyviin huoliin ja myöntää: Syksy voi sulkea koulut uudelleen – ”Sekin pitää pohtia”. [Li Andersson replies for worries caused by opening the schools, admitting they may be closed again in autumn]. Ilta-sanomat. https://www.is.fi/kotimaa/art-2000006502314.html
Viner, R.M., Russell, S. J., Croker, H., Packer, J., Ward, J., Stansfield, C., Mytton, O., Bonell, C. & Booy, R. (2020). School closure and management practices during coronavirus outbreaks including COVID-19: A rapid systematic review. Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4, 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30095-X
Vogel, G. (2020). How Sweden wasted a ‘rare opportunity’ to study coronavirus in schools. Science. DOI:10.1126/science.abc9565
Vogel, G., Couzin-Franckel, J. (2020). Should schools reopen? Kids’ role in pandemic still a mystery. Science. DOI:10.1126/science.abc6227
Volmari, K. (2019). Basic education in the Nordic region. Similar values, different policies. Helsinki: Finnish National Agency of Education. Reports and surveys 2019:4. Retrieved May 18, 2020, from http://www.oph.fi
Wilder-Smith, A. & Freedman., D.O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak, Journal of Travel Medicine, 27, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020
World Health Organization (WHO). (2020). The Coronavirus Data. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J.M. (2020). Characteristics of and Important Lessons from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA, 323(13), 1239–1242. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Yleisradio [National Broadcasting Company of Finland]. (2020a). THL:n pääjohtaja Ylen haastattelussa: koronaepidemia pitäisi nyt pyrkiä tukahduttamaan [CEO of THL to National Broadcasting Co. interviewer: corona epidemic should now be damped down]. Retrieved June 3, 2020, from https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11351110
Yleisradio. (2020b). Koronakevät välttyi pelätyltä katastrofilta – kouluista ei tullut viruslinkoja [“Corona spring” didn’t turn catastrophic – schools were not superspreaders]. Retrieved June 4, 2020, from https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11373992
Yleisradio. (2020c). Koronakevät osoitti, että hallinnon läpinäkyvyys ei aina toteudu...[“Corona spring” revealed that transparent governance doesn’t always take place]. Retrieved June 6, 2020, from https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-11379625
Zhang, T., Fu, X., Kwoh, C., Wong, L., Ma, S., Soh, H., Lee, G.K.K., Hung, T., & Lees, M. (2011). Temporal factors in school closure policy for mitigating the spread of influenza. Journal of Public Health Policy 32, 180–197. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.1
Zins, J. E., Bloodworth, M. R., Weissberg, R. P., & Walberg, H. J. (2007). The Scientific Base Linking Social and Emotional Learning to School Success, Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation, 17(2-3), 191-210, DOI: 10.1080/10474410701413145
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.8n.3p.59
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies
You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.