The Effect of Explicit Instruction of Connected Speech Features on Iranian EFL Learners’

Moussa Ahmadian, Riyadh Matour

Abstract


Listening comprehension has found its right place in the field of SLA in recent decades. For years, among all language skills, speaking and writing were of high significance in teaching and learning a new language as they were considered to be productive skills. Listening and reading, on the other hand, were neglected since they were regarded as passive skills, means to other ends, rather than ends in themselves. This study investigates possible effects of explicit instruction of connected speech features on listening comprehension of Iranian English language learners. Forty adult female Persian speaking homogeneous English learners, aged 18-30, participated in the study. They were divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received explicit instructions on connected speech features, while the control group followed the routine instructions designed by their institute. Tests of connected speech features were used in pre- and post tests. The participants’ scores on the pre-posttests were compared via the paired samples t-tests and independent samples t-tests. The results indicated the outperformance of the experimental group over the control group, thus, suggesting that explicit instructions of connected speech features have facilitative roles in improving EFL learners’ listening comprehension skill. Possible implications of the findings for teaching listening comprehension are discussed.

 


Keywords


Connected speech features, reduced forms, listening comprehension, implicit instruction, explicit instruction, language skills

Full Text:

PDF

References


Brown, G. (1990). Listening to spoken English, 2nd (ed). London: Longman.

Brown, J. D. (2006). Authentic communication: Whyzit important' ta teach reduced forms? University of Hawai’i at Manoa.

Brown, J. D., & Hilferty, A. (1986a). Listening for reduced forms. TESOL Quarterly, 20(4), 759-763.

Brown, J. D., & Hilferty, A. (1986b). The effectiveness of teaching reduced forms for listening comprehension. RELC Journal, 17(2), 59-70.

Brown, J. D., & Hilferty, A. (2006). The effectiveness of teaching reduced forms for listening comprehension. In J. D. Brown, & K. Kondo-Brown, (Eds.), Perspectives on Teaching Connected Speech to Second Language Speakers (pp. 51-58). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.

Brown, J. D., & Kondo-Brown, K. (Eds.). (2006). Perspectives on teaching connected speech to second language speakers. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.

Call. M. E. (1985). Auditory short-term memory, listening comprehension, and the input hypothesis. TESOL Quarterly, 19(4), 765-781.

Campbell, D., Meinardi, M., Richardson, B., Macdonnell, C. (2007). The need for a speech courpse. Available: http://arrow.dit.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=dmccon

Carreira, J.M. (2008). Effects of teaching reduced forms in a university preparatory course. In K. Bradford Watts, T. Muller, & M. Swanson (Eds.), JALT2007 Conference Proceedings (pp.200-207). Tokyo: JALT.

Cauldwell, R. (2003). Streaming Speech: Listening and Pronunciation for Advanced Learners of English, Birmingham: speech inaction.

Field, J. (2003). Promoting perception: lexical segmentation in L2 listening, ELT Journal, Vol. 57(4), 325-334

Henrichsen, L. (1984). Sandhi-variation: A filter of input for learners of ESL. Language Learning, 34(3), 103-126.

Ito, Y. (2006a). The comprehension of English reduced forms by second language learners and its effect on input-intake process. In J. D. Brown, & K. Kondo-Brown, (Eds.), Perspectives on teaching connected speech to second language speakers (pp. 67-81). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.

Ito, Y. (2006b). The significance of reduced forms in L2 pedagogy. In J. D. Brown, & K. Kondo-Brown, (Eds.), Perspectives on teaching connected speech to second language speakers (pp. 17-25). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii, National Foreign Language Resource Center.

Kenworthy, J. (1987). Teaching English Pronunciation Longman

Leow, R. (1997). Attention, awareness, and foreign language behavior. Language Learning, 47(3), 467_505.

Lund, R. J. (1991). A comparison of second language listening and reading comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 75(2), 196-204.

Lynch, T. (1998).Theoretical perspectives on listening. Annals Review of Applied Linguistics. 18, 3-19.

Matsuzawa, T. (2006). Comprehension of English reduced forms by Japanese business people and the effectiveness of instruction. In J. D. Brown, & K. Kondo-Brown, (Eds.), Perspectives on teaching connected speech to second language. (pp.59-66). Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai‘i, National Foreign Language Resource Center.

Mendelsohn, D. J. (1984). There ARE strategies for listening. TEAL Occasional Papers, 8, 63-76.

Meyer, R. (1984). “Listen my children and you shall hear …” Foreign Language Annals, 17(4), 343-344.

Norris, R. W. (1995). Teaching Reduced Forms: Putting the Horse Before the Cart. In English Teaching Forum, Vol. 33(3), 47-50.

Nunan, D. (1997). Listening in language learning. Paper presented at the Korea TESOL Convention, Kyongju, Korea, October 1997.

Osada, N. (2004). Listening comprehension research: A brief review of the past thirty years. Dialogue, 3, 53-66.

Oxford, R. L. (1993). Research update on teaching listening. System, 21(2), 205-211.

Rivers, W. (1966). Listening comprehension. The Modern Language Journal, 50(4), 196- 204.

Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS. Opening University Press.

Rosa (2002). A survey of ESL teachers’ perspectives on reduced forms instruction. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa.

Rosa, E. and O’Neill, D. (1999). Explicitness, intake, and the issue of awareness: Another piece to the puzzle. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(4), 511_553.

Rost, M. (1994). Introducing listening. London: Penguin.

Skinner, B. F., 1957. Verbal Behavior. New York: Appleton Century Croft.

Seong, Y. H. (2008). Evaluating an instrument for assessing connected speech performance using facets analysis. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Second Language Studies, 26(2), 45-101.

Ur, P. (1984). Teaching listening comprehension. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Weinstein, N. 2001. Whaddaya Say? (2nd ed.). White Plains, NY: Pearson Education.

Williams, J. (1999). Memory, attention and inductive learning. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21(1), 1_48.

Williams, J. (2005). Learning with awareness. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 27(2), 269_304.

Williams, J. and Lovatt, P. (2003). Phonological memory and rule learning. Language Learning, 53(1), 67_121.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.3n.2p.227

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2012-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the journal emails into your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.