Difference in Internal and External Workloads between Non-Injured and Injured Groups in Collegiate Female Soccer Players

Ai Ishida, Joshua S Beaumont

Abstract


Background: Effects of internal and external workloads (IL, EL) on lower limb soft-tissue injuries (LLSTI) risk in male soccer players has been described, the relationships remain unclear in collegiate female (soccer players. Objective: The purpose was to examine the mean difference in IL and EL in LLSTI between non-injured and injured groups (N-IG and IG). Method: 20 collegiate female soccer players (age: 19.2±1.2years; height: 168.2±7.3cm; body mass: 41.0±17.9kg) were included for 14 week competitive season. IL included average heart rate (Avg-HR) and high heart rate zone. EL included total distance, average speed (Avg-Spd), and high-speed running distance. Injuries were counted if (a) they were LLSTI and muscular/ligamentous strains or tears and tendon problems, and (b) the players missed more than one match or training session. Acute (7-day simple average) and chronic (21-day simple average) IL and EL were calculated in the IG while the mean of acute (7-day) and chronic (21-day) IL and EL were computed in the NIG. Acute Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) was calculated as the ratio of acute and chronic IL and EL. Results: Seven LLSTI occurred over 14 weeks. The acute Avg-HR and ACWR of Avg-Spd were significantly higher in the IG than the N-IG (p=0.001 and 0.024). IL and EL in the IG were placed below or above the mean of the N-IG. Conclusion: LLSTI might occur at high and low workloads in collegiate female soccer players. This may support the use of micro-technology to monitor workload based on individual player’s threshold to reduce LLSTI.

Keywords


Soccer, Athletic Injuries, Physiology, Wearable Electronic Device

Full Text:

PDF

References


Andersson, H. A., Raastad, T., Nilsson, J. E., Paulsen, G., Garthe, I., & Kadi, F. (2008). Neuromuscular fatigue and recovery in elite female soccer: Effects of active recovery. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 40(2), 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815b8497

Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., Gabbett, T. J., Coutts, A. J., Burgess, D. J., Gregson, W., Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring athlete training loads: Consensus statement. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(Suppl 2), S2161–S2170. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2017-0208

Bowen, L., Gross, A. S., Gimpel, M., & Li, F.-X. (2017). Accumulated workloads and the acute:chronic workload ratio relate to injury risk in elite youth football players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(5), 452–459. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-095820

Buchheit, M., Racinais, S., Bilsborough, J. C., Bourdon, P. C., Voss, S. C., Hocking, J., Cordy, J., Mendez-Villanueva, A., Coutts, A. J. (2013). Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.003

Carey, D. L., Blanch, P., Ong, K.-L., Crossley, K. M., Crow, J., & Morris, M. E. (2017). Training loads and injury risk in Australian football-differing acute: chronic workload ratios influence match injury risk. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(16), 1215–1220. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-096309

Cormie, P., McBride, J. M., & McCaulley, G. O. (2008). Power-time, force-time, and velocity-time curve analysis during the jump squat: Impact of load. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 24(2), 112–120. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.24.2.112

de Hoyo, M., Cohen, D. D., Sañudo, B., Carrasco, L., Álvarez-Mesa, A., Del Ojo, J. J., Dominguez-Cobo, S., Man

Mañas, V., Otero-Esquina, C. (2016). Influence of football match time-motion parameters on recovery time course of muscle damage and jump ability. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(14), 1363–1370. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1150603

Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., González-Haro, C., Gormasz, C., Pigozzi, F., & Bachl, N. (2010). Sprinting analysis of elite soccer players during European Champions League and UEFA Cup matches. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28(14), 1489–1494. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.521166

Ehrmann, F. E., Duncan, C. S., Sindhusake, D., Franzsen, W. N., & Greene, D. A. (2016). GPS and injury prevention in professional soccer. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(2), 360–367. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001093

Fox, S. M., Naughton, J. P., & Haskell, W. L. (1971). Physical activity and the prevention of coronary heart disease. Annals of Clinical Research, 3(6), 404–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(72)90079-5

Gabbett, T. J., & Ullah, S. (2012). Relationship between running loads and soft-tissue injury in elite team sport athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(4), 953–960. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182302023

Gabbett, T. J., Nassis, G. P., Oetter, E., Pretorius, J., Johnston, N., Medina, D., Rodas, G., Mylinski, T., Howells, D., Beard, A, Ryan, A. (2017). The athlete monitoring cycle: A practical guide to interpreting and applying training monitoring data. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(20), 1451–1452. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097298

Goodman, A. D., Etzel, C., Raducha, J. E., & Owens, B. D. (2018). Shoulder and elbow injuries in soccer goalkeepers versus field players in the national collegiate athletic association, 2009-2010 through 2013-2014. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 46(3), 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2018.1462083

Harrison, P. W., & Johnston, R. D. (2017). Relationship between training load, fitness, and injury over an australian rules football preseason. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(10), 2686–2693. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001829

Kunz, M. (2007, July). 265 million Playing Football. FIFA Magazine, 1, 10–15.

Lebrun, C. M., McKenzie, D. C., Prior, J. C., & Taunton, J. E. (1995). Effects of menstrual cycle phase on athletic performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27(3), 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199503000-00022

Malone, S., Owen, A., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Collins, K., & Gabbett, T. J. (2018). High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well- developed physical qualities reduce the risk? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(3), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.05.016

Owen, A. L., Forsyth, J. J., Wong, D. P., Dellal, A., Connelly, S. P., & Chamari, K. (2015). Heart rate-based training intensity and its impact on injury incidence among elite-level professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1705–1712. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000810

Rogalski, B., Dawson, B., Heasman, J., & Gabbett, T. J. (2013). Training and game loads and injury risk in elite Australian footballers. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(6), 499–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.004

Rollo, I., Impellizzeri, F. M., Zago, M., & Iaia, F. M. (2014). Effects of 1 versus 2 games a week on physical and subjective scores of subelite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 9(3), 425–431. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2013-0288

Schneider, C., Hanakam, F., Wiewelhove, T., Döweling, A., Kellmann, M., Meyer, T., Pfeiffer, M., Ferrauti, A. (2018). Heart rate monitoring in team sports—A conceptual framework for contextualizing heart rate measures for training and recovery prescription. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00639

Vanrenterghem, J., Nedergaard, N. J., Robinson, M. A., & Drust, B. (2017). Training load monitoring in team sports: A novel framework separating physiological and biomechanical load-adaptation pathways. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 47(11), 2135–2142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0714-2




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575//aiac.ijkss.v.8n.2p.26

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.