Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story: Echo/es of Contemporary Subversive Culture

Naqibun Nabi, Firoz Ahmed

Abstract


The post-world war II American social and cultural setting was ambiguously featured with enforced conformity in the name of prosperity and Americanization of the nation. Despite of this fact, American writers, especially, dramatists conveyed their message against this fixation through variety and intellectuality. Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story is one of those literary assets which dedicatedly cut through the illusions of contemporary American social and cultural ethos. Here, his characters are seen struggling constantly with their insecurities and existential angst in the society. He presents America, the so-called ‘Land of Free and Home of Braves’ (note 1), in such a portrayal that unveils the traps of cages and confinement underneath. The target of this paper is to trace Edward Albee’s heightened awareness about the post-war American socio-cultural reality evident in The Zoo Story. It also looks for the voice in which the text echoes out the anti-communist, materialistic, gender-coded boundaries, coupled with paradoxical media representations, religious bordering and how Albee challenges these issues with an anti-establishment tone.

Keywords: subversive culture, anti-communism, media, religion and homosexuality


Full Text:

PDF

References


Albee, E. (1960). The Zoo Story: A Play in One Scene for William Flanagan. New York, NY: Grove Press.

Bailey, L. M. S.( 2005). Absurdly American: Rediscovering the Representation of Violence in The Zoo Story. In Bruce J. Mann (Ed.), Edward Albee: A Case Book. (pp. 33-44) New York: Taylor and Francis Books.

Barret, C. K. (2013). The First Epistle to the Corinthians. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA: Baker Publishing Group.

Bell, J. (2004). American Drama in the Postwar Period. In Josephine G. Hendin (Ed.) A Concise Companion to Postwar American Literature and Culture. (pp. 110-148). Oxford, Uk: Blackwell Publishing.

Bona, M. J. (2004). Gay and Lesbian Writing in Post-World War II America. In Josephine G. Hendin (Ed.) A Concise Companion to Postwar American Literature and Culture.(pp. 210-237). Oxford,UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Bryer, J. R. and Harting, M. C. (2010) Facts on File Companion to American Drama. (2nd Ed) . New York: Facts on File, Inc.

Butler, J. (1997). The Psychic Life of Power. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Camus, A. (2012). The Rebel: An Essay on Man in Revolt. (Anthony Bower, Trans.). New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. (Original work published in 1956)

During, S. (2005). Cultural studies: A Critical Introduction. Abingdon, Oxon, USA: Routledge.

Harehdasht, H.A., Hajjari, L., & Shahidzadeh, Z. S. (2015). Illusion and Reality in Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story. Studies in Literature and Language, 10(6), 15-21. DOI: 10.3968/7182.

Hussein, W. A. (2007). The Zoo Story: Character Alienation. Journal of the College of Arts, University of Basrah, 43,58-67. Retrieved from http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=50455

Horn, B. L. (2009). Edward Albee: A Research and Production Source Book. USA: Praeger Publisher, Green Book Publishing Group.

Jaf, S. & Zaihong, Z. (2014). Social Detachment: A Cause of Alienation in Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 2(9),459-467. Retrieved from http://www.jiarm.com/OCT2014/paper18382.pdf

Karl, F. R. (2004). The Fifties and after: An ambiguous Culture. In Josephine G. Hendin (Ed.). A Concise Companion to Postwar American Literature and Culture. (pp. 20-71). Oxford, Uk: Blackwell Publishing.

Kolin, P. C. (2005). Albee’s Early One Act Plays: “A new American playwright from whom much is to be expected”. In Stephen Bottoms (Ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Edward Albee. (pp. 16-38). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Murray, J. (1997). The Epistle to the Romans. Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company

Nilan, M. M.(1973). Albee's The Zoo Story: Alienated Man and the Nature of Love. Modern Drama 16(1), 55-59. University of Toronto Press. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from Project MUSE database.

Rousseau, J. J. (2003). On the Social Contract. (G. D. H. Cole. Mineola Trans.). New York: Dover Publications, Inc. (Original work published in 1762).

Shams, P. & Pourgiv, F. (2013) Power Struggle in The Zoo Story: A Performance of Subjectivity. Fe Dergi 5(1). Retrieved from: http://cins.ankara.edu.tr/9_1.html.

Turki, H. I. (2009). The Caged Soul: A Study of Edward Albee’s The Zoo Story. Al-fatih Journal, 40, 1-12. Retrieved from http://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=fulltext&aId=16901

Tyson, L. (2006). Critical Theory Today: A User Friendly Guide. (2nd Ed.) New York,NY: Routledge.

Vorlicky, R. (1995). Silence Violence and the Drama of Abuse. In R. Vorlicky and A. Arbor (Ed.), Act like a Man: Challenging Masculinities in American Drama. (pp. 87-132). USA: The University of Michigan Press.

Zimbardo, R. A.. (1962). Symbolism and Naturalism in Edward Albee's The Zoo Story. Twentieth Century Literature, 8(1), 10–17. http://doi.org/10.2307/440743


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2010-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

Advances in Language and Literary Studies

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.