Chronotype-based High-intensity Interval Training: Effects on Cardiac Biomarkers and Oxidative Stress in Obese Adults

Ayyappan Jayavel, Meera Shivasekar, V.M. Vinodhini

Abstract


Background: Obesity increases the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer due to inflammation, insulin resistance, and elevated homocysteine(HCY) levels. Regular physical activity improves cardiovascular health, with High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) emerging as an effective intervention. However, individual factors like chronotype influence responses to HIIT. This study investigates the impact of HIIT on obesity-related outcomes and explores how chronotype modulates these effects, addressing the need for personalized exercise strategies. Methods: This study employed a pre-test post-test experimental design involving 60 male and female volunteers. Participants were divided into chronotype-based exercise schedules (CBES) and non-chronotype-based exercise schedules (NCBES) groups. Exclusion criteria included coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or hypertension. HIIT was conducted using a cycle ergometer for 20 minutes, three times a week, over 12 weeks. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical assays, including lipid profiles and cardiac markers, were conducted pre-and post-intervention. Results: Homocysteine levels significantly decreased from 20.45 ± 5.62 μmol/L to 18.22 ± 5.07 μmol/L (p < 0.001). Participants experienced significant reductions in weight (average loss of 3.87 kg) and BMI (average decrease of 1.38 units). Lipid profiles showed improvements, with notable reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol (p < 0.001). MDA levels, a marker of oxidative stress, increased significantly from 181.83 ± 6.57 nmol/mL to 250.68 ± 31.52 nmol/mL (p < 0.001). Both CBES and NCBES groups exhibited positive changes, although no significant differences were observed between them. Conclusion: HIIT effectively improves cardiovascular biomarkers and reduces body weight and BMI in overweight and obese individuals, regardless of the exercise program. However, it also increases oxidative stress markers, highlighting the need for balanced exercise protocols. The impact of chronotype on exercise outcomes warrants further investigation.

Keywords


High-intensity Interval Training, Homocysteine, Malondialdehyde, Body Composition Obesity

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.13n.1p.18

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