Effects of Prophylactic Lace-Up Ankle Braces on Kinematics of the Lower Extremity During a State of Fatigue

Austin Hagan, Diana Rocchio, Jaeho Shim, Jonathan Rylander, Darryn Willoughby

Abstract


Background: Prophylactic lace-up braces are commonly used in athletics regardless of ankle injury history to reduce lateral ankle sprains (LAS). Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess ankle and knee kinematics associated with chronic knee pathologies during a 90° cutting maneuver before and after a state of fatigue. Methods: Using a randomized crossover design, thirteen, active adults (6 males and 7 females) engaged in a 15-m beep test fatigue protocol with a 90° cutting maneuver test before and after the fatigue protocol, both with and without brace. Results: Brace condition significantly reduced Ankle Sagittal Displacement (ASD; 52°) compared to no brace condition (62°) (p <.05). Peak knee flexion was significantly greater in brace (56°) compared to no brace condition (47°) and, likewise, took longer to reach it (10 ms) (p <.05). Conclusions: Prophylactic ankle braces limiting ASD can cause the foot to land in a more dorsiflexed position at initial ground contact causing more rearfoot strike, which may contribute to chronic knee pathologies.

Keywords


Motion Analysis, Ankle Braces, Kinematics, Fatigue, Knee Flexion, Ankle Dorsiflexion

Full Text:

PDF

References


Brazen, D. M., Todd, M. K., Ambegaonkar, J. P., Wunderlich, R., & Peterson, C. (2010). The Effect of Fatigue on Landing Biomechanics in Single-Leg Drop Landings. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 20(4), 286-292. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0b013e3181e8f7dc

Cordova, M. L., Ingersoll, C. D., & LeBlanc, M. J. (2000). Influence of ankle support on joint range of motion before and after exercise: A meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 30(4), 170-177. https://doi.org/DOI 10.2519/jospt.2000.30.4.170

Delahunt, E., & Remus, A. (2019). Risk Factors for Lateral Ankle Sprains and Chronic Ankle Instability. Journal of Athletic Training, 54(6), 611-616. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44-18

Devita, P., & Skelly, W. A. (1992). Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24(1), 108-115. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1548984

Dewar, R. A., Arnold, G. P., Wang, W., Drew, T. S., & Abboud, R. J. (2019). Comparison of 3 ankle braces in reducing ankle inversion in a basketball rebounding task. Foot (Edinb), 39, 129-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foot.2019.05.007

DiStefano, L. J., Padua, D. A., Brown, C. N., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2008). Lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces after prophylactic lace-up ankle bracing. J Athl Train, 43(3), 234-241. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.234

Dizon, J. R., Reyes, J. B. (2007). The Effectiveness of External Ankle Supports in the Prevention of Inversion Ankle Sprains among Elite and Recreational Players. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 5(10), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.11124/jbisrir-2007-776

Garrick, J. G. (1977). The frequency of injury, mechanism of injury, and epidemiology of ankle sprains*. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 5(6), 241-242. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354657700500606

Greene, A. J., Stuelcken, M. C., Smith, R. M., & Vanwanseele, B. (2014). The effect of external ankle support on the kinematics and kinetics of the lower limb during a side step cutting task in netballers. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil, 6(1), 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-42

Gudibanda, A., & Wang, Y. (2005). Effect of the ankle stabilizing orthosis on foot and ankle kinematics during cutting maneuvers. Res Sports Med, 13(2), 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620590956115

Haddas, R., James, C. R., & Hooper, T. L. (2015). Lower extremity fatigue, sex, and landing performance in a population with recurrent low back pain. J Athl Train, 50(4), 378-384. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.61

Herman, K., Barton, C., Malliaras, P., & Morrissey, D. (2012). The effectiveness of neuromuscular warm-up strategies, that require no additional equipment, for preventing lower limb injuries during sports participation: a systematic review. BMC Med, 10, 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-75

Kadaba, M. P., Ramakrishnan, H. K., & Wootten, M. E. (1990). Measurement of lower extremity kinematics during level walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 8(3), 383-392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100080310

Klem, N. R., Wild, C. Y., Williams, S. A., & Ng, L. (2017). Effect of External Ankle Support on Ankle and Knee Biomechanics During the Cutting Maneuver in Basketball Players. Am J Sports Med, 45(3), 685-691. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516673988

Mason-Mackay, A. R., Whatman, C., & Reid, D. (2016). The effect of ankle bracing on lower extremity biomechanics during landing: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport, 19(7), 531-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.07.014

Mason-Mackay, A. R., Whatman, C., & Reid, D. (2017). The effect of reduced ankle dorsiflexion on lower extremity mechanics during landing: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport, 20(5), 451-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.06.006

McClain, J. J., & Welk, G. J. (2004). Comparison of Two Versions of the PACER Aerobic Fitness Test. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5), S5. https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2004/05001/comparison_of_two_versions_of_the_pacer_aerobic.22.aspx

McGuine, T. A., Brooks, A., & Hetzel, S. (2011). The effect of lace-up ankle braces on injury rates in high school basketball players. Am J Sports Med, 39(9), 1840-1848. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546511406242

Myer, G. D., Ford, K. R., Di Stasi, S. L., Foss, K. D., Micheli, L. J., & Hewett, T. E. (2015). High knee abduction moments are common risk factors for patellofemoral pain (PFP) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in girls: is PFP itself a predictor for subsequent ACL injury? Br J Sports Med, 49(2), 118-122. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092536

Newman, T. M., Gay, M. R., & Buckley, W. E. (2017). Prophylactic Ankle Bracing in Military Settings: A Review of the Literature. Mil Med, 182(3), e1596-e1602. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-16-00160

Pedowitz, D. I., Reddy, S., Parekh, S. G., Huffman, G. R., & Sennett, B. J. (2008). Prophylactic bracing decreases ankle injuries in collegiate female volleyball players. Am J Sports Med, 36(2), 324-327. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507308358

Rivera, M. J., Winkelmann, Z. K., Powden, C. J., & Games, K. E. (2017). Proprioceptive Training for the Prevention of Ankle Sprains: An Evidence-Based Review. J Athl Train, 52(11), 1065-1067. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.16

Savage, R. J., Lay, B. S., Wills, J. A., Lloyd, D. G., & Doyle, T. L. A. (2018). Prolonged running increases knee moments in sidestepping and cutting manoeuvres in sport. J Sci Med Sport, 21(5), 508-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.007

Schroeder, L. E., & Weinhandl, J. T. (2019). Hinged ankle braces do not alter knee mechanics during sidestep cutting. J Biomech, 84, 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.12.046

Shaw, M. Y., Gribble, P. A., & Frye, J. L. (2008). Ankle bracing, fatigue, and time to stabilization in collegiate volleyball athletes. J Athl Train, 43(2), 164-171. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.164

Simpson, K. J., Yom, J. P., Fu, Y. C., Arnett, S. W., O'Rourke, S., & Brown, C. N. (2013). Does wearing a prophylactic ankle brace during drop landings affect lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces? J Appl Biomech, 29(2), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.29.2.205

Thacker, S. B., Stroup, D. F., Branche, C. M., Gilchrist, J., Goodman, R. A., & Weitman, E. A. (1999). The prevention of ankle sprains in sports. A systematic review of the literature. Am J Sports Med, 27(6), 753-760. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465990270061201

West, T., Ng, L., & Campbell, A. (2014). The effect of ankle bracing on knee kinetics and kinematics during volleyball-specific tasks. Scand J Med Sci Sports, 24(6), 958-963. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12130

Willeford, K., Stanek, J. M., & McLoda, T. A. (2018). Collegiate Football Players' Ankle Range of Motion and Dynamic Balance in Braced and Self-Adherent-Taped Conditions. J Athl Train, 53(1), 66-71. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-486-16

Xia, R., Zhang, X., Wang, X., Sun, X., & Fu, W. (2017). Effects of Two Fatigue Protocols on Impact Forces and Lower Extremity Kinematics during Drop Landings: Implications for Noncontact Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Healthc Eng, 2017, 5690519. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5690519




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.12n.1p.24

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.