The Influence of Time-dependent Surface Properties on Sprint Running Performance between Male and Female Athletes

Michael Hales, John David Johnson

Abstract


Background: The body of research on field based player-surface interaction consists of some contradictory findings and the comparison of male and female physiological responses on different surfaces is limited. Objective: The study investigates the influence of surface properties on sprint running before and after completing a muscle fatiguing intervention. Methodology: Muscle activity was recorded using surface electromyography (EMG). The vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), medial head of the gastrocnemius (MG), and the tibialis anterior (TA) sites were selected for analysis. The mechanical properties (MPs) of each field were shown to be different using ASTM F-3189 protocol. Results: A statistically significant three-way repeated measures ANOVA interaction between field properties, sprint trial and muscle groups was determined, F(3,36) = 10.82, p = .006, ηρ2 = .474. Further analyses revealed an interaction effect between field properties and sprint trial, F(1,12) = 26.57, p = .001, ηρ2 = .689, between muscle groups and field properties F(1,12) = 8.78, p = .012, ηρ2 = .422 and between muscle group and sprint trial F(1,12) = 7.29, p = .019, ηρ2 = .378. In addition, pre-intervention mean sprint time was less on the field possessing more energy return by 9.1%. Post-intervention sprint test results show a significant difference for BF peak muscle activity on the field displaying greater force attenuation. Conclusion: Both pre and post intervention sprint results suggest time-dependent properties associated with a sport field could potentially influence muscle activation patterns differently for males and females.

Keywords


Surface Properties, Surface Electromyography, Running, Athletes, Hamstring Muscles, Quadriceps Muscles

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ammar, A., Bailey, S.J., Hammouda, O., Trabelsi, K., Merzigui, N., El Abed, K. et al. (2018) Effects of playing surface on physical, physiological, and perceptual responses to a repeated-sprint ability test: Natural grass versus artificial turf. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 14, 1219-1226. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0766

Andreasson, G., Lindenberger, U., Renstrom, P., & Peterson, L. (1986). Torque developed at simulated sliding between sport shoes and an artificial turf. American Journal of Sport Medicine, 14(3), 225-230. https://doi.org/10.1177/036354658601400308

Arendt, E.A., Agel, J., & Dick, R. (1999). Anterior cruciate ligament injury patterns among collegiate men and women. Journal of Athletic Training, 34(2), 86-92. PMID: 16558564 PMCID: PMC1322895

Chan, C.K., Yung, S.H., Liu, M.W., & Chan, K.M. (2014). The change in lower limb kinematic and EMG activity of sprinting after soccer-specific fatigue among female soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48, 578. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2014-093494.50

Chappell, J.D., Herman, D.C., Knight, B.S., Kirkendall, D.T., Garrett, W.E., & Yu, B. (2005). Effect of fatigue on knee kinetics and kinematics in stop-jump tasks. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(7), 1022-1029. doi.org/10.1177/036354604273047

Choi, S.M., Sum, K.W.R., & Leung, F.L.E. (2015). Comparison between natural turf and artificial turf on agility performance of rugby union players. Advances in Physical Education, 5, 273-281. doi.org/10.4236/ape.2015.54032

Enoka, R.M., & Duchateau, J.(2008). Muscle fatigue: What, why and how it influences muscle function. Journal of Physiology, 586(1), 11-23. doi.org/10.1113/physiol.2007.139477

Fauth, M,, Petushek, E., Feldmann, C., Hsu, B., Garceau, L., G., Lutsch, B. et al. (2010). Reliability of surface electromyography during maximal voluntary isometric contractions, jump landings, and cutting. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(4), 1131-1137. doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc235326.Gains, G., Swedenhjelm, A., Mayhew, J., Bird, H., & Houser J. (2010). Comparison of speed and agility performance of college football players on field turf and natural grass. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2613-2617. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181eccdf8

Hales, M.E., & Johnson, J.D. (2019). Sport field properties influence muscle recruitment patterns and metabolic response. International Journal of Sport Physiology and Performance, 14(1), 83-90. doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0004

Heidt, R.S., Dormer S.G., Cawley P.W., Scranton, P.E., Losse, G., & Howard, M. (1996). Differences in friction and torsional resistance in athletic shoe-turf surface interfaces. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24(6), 834-842. doi:10.1177/036354659602400621.

Hewett, T.E., Zazulak, B.T., Myer G.D., & Ford K.R. (2005). A review of electromyographic activation levels, timing differences, and increased anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. British Journal of Sports Medicine 39(6), 347-350. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.018572

Hicks, A.L., Kent-Braun, J., & Ditor, D.S. (2001). Sex differences in human skeletal muscle fatigue. Exercise and Sport Science Review, 29(3), 109-112. doi: 10.1097/00003677-200107000-00004

Hicks, A.L., & McCartney, N. (1996). Gender differences in isometric contractile properties and fatigability in elderly human muscle, Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 21(6), 441-54. https://doi.org/10.1139/h96-039

Howard, R., Conway, R., & Harrison A. (2018). Muscle activity in sprinting: a review. Sports Biomechanics, 17(1), 1-17. doi:10.1080/14763141.2016.1252790

Hughes, M.G., Birdsey, L, Meyers, R., Newcombe, D., Oliver, J.L., Smith, P.M., et al. (2013). Effects of playing surface on physiological responses and performance variables in a controlled football simulation. Journal of Sports Science, 31(8), 878-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.757340

Hunter, S.K. (2009). Sex differences and mechanisms of task-specific muscle fatigue. Exercise and Sport Science Review, 37(3), 113-122. doi: 10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa63e2

Hunter, S.K., Critchlow, A., & Enoka, R.M. (2004). Influence of aging on sex differences in muscle fatigability. Journal of Applied Physiology, 97(5), 1723-1732. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00460.2004

Ireland, M.L. (2002). The female ACL: why is it more prone to injury? Orthopedic Clinician North America, 33(4), 637-651. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(02)00028-7

Jonhagen, S., Ericson, M.O., Nemeth, G., & Eriksson E. (1996). Amplitude and timing of electromyographic activity during sprinting. Scandanavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 6(1), 15- 21. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00460.2004

Kallenberg, L.A.., Schulte, E., Disselhorst-Klug, C., Hermens, H.J. (2007). Myoelectric manifestations of fatigue at low contraction levels in subjects with and without chronic pain. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 17(3), 264-274. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2006.04.004

Kanaras, V., Metaxas, T., Mandroukas, A., Gissis, I., Zafeiridis, A., Riganas, C.S. et al. (2014). The effect of natural and artificial grass on sprinting performance in young soccer players. American Journal of Sport Science, 2(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20140201.11

Kerdok, A.E., Biewener, A.A., McMahon, T.A., Weyand, P.G., & Herr, H.M. (2002). Energetics and mechanics of human running on surfaces of different stiffnesses. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92(2), 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01164.2000

Kyröläinen, H., Avela, J., & Komi, P. V. (2005). Changes in muscle activity with increasing running speed. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23(10), 1101-1109. doi: 10.1080/02640410400021575

Lopez-Fernandez, J., Garcia-Unanue, J., Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Leon, M., Hernando, E., & Gallardo, L., (2018). Neuromuscular responses and physiological patterns during a soccer simulation protocol. Artificial turf versus natural grass. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(11), 1602-1610. doi:10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07768-4

Mastalerz, A., Gwarek, L., Sadowski, J., & Szczepanski, T. (2012). The influence of the run intensity on bioelectrical activity of selected human leg muscles. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 14(2), 101-107. doi: 10.5277/abb120213

Malinzak, R.A., Colby, S.M., Kirkendall, D.T., Yu, B., & Garrett, W.E. (2001). A comparison of knee joint motion patterns between men and women in selected athletic tasks. Clinical Biomechanics, 16(5), 438-445. doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(01)00019-5

Mero, A., & Komi, P. V. (1987). Electromyographic activity in sprinting at speeds ranging from sub-maximal to supra-maximal. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 19(3), 266-274. PMID: 3600241

Nigg, B.M. & Yeadon, M.R. (1987). Biomechanical aspects of playing surfaces. Journal of Sports Science, 5(2), 117-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640418708729771

Nummela, A., Rusko, H., & Mero, A. (1994). EMG activities and ground reaction forces during fatigued and nonfatigued sprinting. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26(5), 605-609.

Potthast, W., Verhelst, R., Hughes, M., Stone, K., & De Clercq, D. (2010). Football-specific evaluation of player-surface interaction on different football turf systems. Sports Technology, 3(1), 5-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/19346190.2010.504278

Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Haxaire, P., García-Unanue, J., Felipe, J.L., Gallardo, A.M. & Gallardo, L. (2018). Determination of mechanical properties of artificial turf football pitches according to structural components. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 232(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754337117717803

Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Garcia-Unanue, J., Felipe, J.L., Jiménez-Reyes, P., Viejo-Romero, D., Gomez-Lopez, M., et al. (2016). Physical and physiological responses of amateur football players on third-generation artificial turf systems during simulated game situations. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(11), 3165-3177. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001415

Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Felipe, J.L., Burillo, P., del Corral, J. & Gallardo, L. (2014a). Effect of the structural components of support on the loss of mechanical properties of football fields of artificial turf. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part P Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 228(3), 155-164. doi:10.1177/1754337114527276.

Sanchez-Sanchez, J., Garcıa-Unanue, J., Jimenez-Reyes, P., Gallardo, A., Burillo P., Felipe, J.L., et al. (2014b). Influence of the mechanical properties of third-generation artificial turf systems on soccer players’ physiological and physical performance and their perceptions. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 9(10), e111368. doi:10.1371/0111368

Schrier, N.M., Wannop, J.W., Lewinson, R.T., Worobets, J., & Stefanyshyn, D. (2014). Shoe traction and surface compliance affect performance of soccer related movements. Footwear Science, 6(2), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2014.886302

Semmler, J.G., Kutzscher, D.V., & Enoka, R.M. (1999). Gender differences in the fatigability of human skeletal muscle. Journal of Neurophysiology, 82(6), 3590-3593. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3590

Senefeld, J., Yoon, T., Bement, M.H., & Hunter, S.K. (2013). Fatigue and recovery from dynamic contractions in men and women differ for arm and leg muscles. Muscle Nerve, 48(3), 436-439. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fmus.23836

Severn, K.A., Fleming, P.R., Clarke, J.D., & Carré, M.J. (2011). Science of synthetic turf surfaces: investigating traction behaviour. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 225(3), 147-158. doi:10.1177/1754337111408980

Sterzing, T., Muller, C., Hennig, E., & Milani, T.L. (2009). Actual and perceived running performance in soccer shoes: A series of eight studies. Footwear Science, 1(1), 5-17. doi: 10.1080/19424280902915350

Stone, K.J., Hughes, M.G., Stembridge, M.R., Meyers, R.W., Newcombe, D.J., & Oliver, J.L. (2016). The influence of playing surface on physiological and performance responses during and after soccer simulation. European Journal of Sport Science, 16(1), 42-49. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2014.984768

Villacañas, V., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., García-Unanue, J., López, J., & Gallardo, L. (2017). The influence of various types of artificial turfs on football fields and their effects on the thermal profile of surfaces. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, 231(1), 21-32. doi:10.1177/1754337115624819

Voskanian, N. (2013). ACL Injury prevention in female athletes: review of the literature and practical considerations in implementing an ACL prevention program. Current Review Musculoskeletal Medicine, 6(2), 158-163. doi: 10.1007/s12178-013-9158-y

Wannop, J.W., Luo, G., & Stefanyshyn, D. (2009). Wear influence traction properties in Canadian high school football. Footwear Science, 1(3), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424280903410062

Willwacher, S., Regniet, L., Fischer, K.M., Oberlander, K.D., & Bruggemanna, G.P. (2014). The effect of shoes, surface conditions and sex on leg geometry at touchdown in habitually shod runners. Footwear Science, 6(3),129-138. doi:10.1080/19424280.2014.896952.

Yoon, T., Schlinder, D.B., Griffith, E.E., & Hunter S.K. (2007). Mechanisms of fatigue differ after low- and high-force fatiguing contractions in men and women. Muscle Nerve, 36(4), 515-524. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.20844




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.4p.42

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.