A Comparison of the Relation of Depression, and Cognitive, Motor and Functional Deficits in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Pilot Study

Amin Ghaffari, Malahat Akbarfahimi, Bijan Forough

Abstract


Aim and background: One of the most important psychological disorders after stroke is depression, which leads to reduced quality of life, optimal rehabilitation failure, loss of cognitive tasks and decrease in the recovery process. In this research, relation between patterns of depression and cognitive, motor and function deficits in people with chronic stroke was studied. Methods and materials: In a pilot cross-sectional study, 40 patients with chronic stroke (more than 6 months) were enrolled. Depression (Beck Depression Inventory), cognition (attention test TMT-A & B and Wechsler memory), motor (Motorcity index), basic activities of daily living (Barthel scale) and instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton scale) were evaluated. Results: The results of the study revealed a significant positive correlation between post stroke depression and verbal memory (r=0.440،P<.05), attention (r=0.615،P<.05), motor function(r-0.368،P<.05), independence in basic activities of daily living (r=0.781،P<.05) and instrumental activities of daily living (r=0.741, P<.05). Conclusion: According to the findings, further studies of factors affecting post stroke depression (PSD) clinical and practical aspects are necessary. Cognitive rehabilitation programs with motor rehabilitation can decrease depression and gain independence in activities of daily living and more participation in society activities.


Keywords


Depression; Cognitive deficits; Motor deficits; Functional deficits; Chronic stroke

Full Text:

PDF

References


Tateno A, R.R., The Effect of Poststroke depression on recovery from stroke. PSYCHOGERIATRICS, 2002. 2: p. 73-84.

Schapira, A.H.V., E. Brane, and S. DIMauro, Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience. 1 ed. 2007, philadelphia: mosby. 235--247.

Wolfe, C.D., The impact of stroke. Br Med Bull, 2000. 56(2): p. 275-86.

Narushima, K. and R.G. Robinson, The effect of early versus late antidepressant treatment on physical impairment associated with poststroke depression: is there a time-related therapeutic window? J Nerv Ment Dis, 2003. 191(10): p. 645-52.

Lawrence, E.S., et al., Estimates of the prevalence of acute stroke impairments and disability in a multiethnic population. Stroke, 2001. 32(6): p. 1279-84.

Robinson, R.G., Poststroke depression: prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression. Biol Psychiatry, 2003. 54(3): p. 376-87.

Narushima, K. and R.G. Robinson, Stroke-related depression. Curr Atheroscler Rep, 2002. 4(4): p. 296-303.

Nys, G.M., et al., Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke. J Neurol Sci, 2006. 247(2): p. 149-56.

Paolucci, S., et al., Poststroke depression and its role in rehabilitation of inpatients. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 1999. 80(9): p. 985-90.

Joubert, J., et al., Risk factor management and depression post-stroke: the value of an integrated model of care. J Clin Neurosci, 2006. 13(1): p. 84-90.

Mitchell, P.H., et al., Living well with stroke: design and methods for a randomized controlled trial of a psychosocial behavioral intervention for poststroke depression. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2008. 17(3): p. 109-15.

Dafer, R.M., et al., Poststroke depression. Top Stroke Rehabil, 2008. 15(1): p. 13-21.

Astrom, M., R. Adolfsson, and K. Asplund, Major depression in stroke patients. A 3-year longitudinal study. Stroke, 1993. 24(7): p. 976-82.

Dieguez, S., et al., Is poststroke depression a vascular depression? J Neurol Sci, 2004. 226(1-2): p. 53-8.

Biran, I. and A. Chatterjee, Depression with anosognosia following a left subcortical stroke. Clin Neurol Neurosurg, 2003. 105(2): p. 99-101.

Nys, G.M., et al., Early depressive symptoms after stroke: neuropsychological correlates and lesion characteristics. J Neurol Sci, 2005. 228(1): p. 27-33.

Drevets, W.C., Neuroimaging and neuropathological studies of depression: implications for the cognitive-emotional features of mood disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol, 2001. 11(2): p. 240-9.

Robinson, R.G., et al., A two-year longitudinal study of post-stroke mood disorders: dynamic changes in associated variables over the first six months of follow-up. Stroke, 1984. 15(3): p. 510-7.

Kalia, M., Neurobiological basis of depression: an update. Metabolism, 2005. 54(5 Suppl 1): p. 24-7.

Walter, H., et al., Increased left prefrontal activation in patients with unipolar depression: an event-related, parametric, performance-controlled fMRI study. J Affect Disord, 2007. 101(1-3): p. 175-85.

Hosking, S., N. Marsh, and P. Friedman, Depression at 3-months poststroke in the elderly: Predictors and indicators of prevalence. Aging Neuropsychology & Cognition, 2000. 7(4): p. 205–216.

Castaneda, A.E., et al., Cognitive functioning in a population-based sample of young adults with a history of non-psychotic unipolar depressive disorders without psychiatric comorbidity. J Affect Disord, 2008. 110(1-2): p. 36-45.

Vasic, N., et al., Gray matter reduction associated with psychopathology and cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: a voxel-based morphometry study. J Affect Disord, 2008. 109(1-2): p. 107-16.

Uzma Irfan,rt al., Relationship between Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Medical Sciences (2011); 4(3): 122-127

Sinyor, D., et al., Post-stroke depression: relationships to functional impairment, coping strategies, and rehabilitation outcome. Stroke, 1986. 17(6): p. 1102-7.

Appelros, P. and M. Viitanen, Prevalence and predictors of depression at one year in a Swedish population-based cohort with first-ever stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2004. 13(2): p. 52-7.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.abcmed.17.05.04.01

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine